Exam 5: Learning

The 5-year-old of two very busy parents has been throwing tantrums. Whenever the child goes off the deep end, one or both of his parents immediately come to his side and fuss over and cajole him. Nevertheless, his tantrums do not diminish; they even seem to increase. We may assume that his parents' fussing over him serves as a _______.

Which strategy will NOT increase the effects of punishment?

A key element in the use of biofeedback is teaching a person to induce a state of ________ to help gain control over biological functions.

An animal is conditioned to salivate to a metronome using Pavlovian procedures. After the conditioning is established, the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears. Then the animal is removed from the test situation for several days. When returned to the test situation, the conditioned response is seen again. The effect is known as ________.

Unlike other schedules of reinforcement, ________ results in a "scalloped" pattern of responses on a cumulative frequency graph.

Stimulus generalization occurs:

Which of the following is an example of learning?

When a CR has been conditioned to a particular stimulus, the organism will also tend to make the CR in response to other stimuli. This phenomenon is called:

Cognitive learning theories attempt to explain how learning occurs using:

Learning is a process by which experience results in __________.

An expert on parenting is addressing parents at the local grade school. When the topic of punishment is discussed, what is one outcome of punishment the expert is likely to note for the parents to consider?

The person associated with the law of effect is _______.

An important example of conditioned taste aversions might be ________.

Positive reinforcement is to _______ as negative reinforcement is to _______.

A child has been classically conditioned to fear a white rat. If the child does not show fear when shown a black rat, this is called

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the meat was the _______.

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called _______.

Mom and Dad think it is real funny, and laugh when their 2-year-old, Bruce, says dirty words. When Bruce is sent home from kindergarten because of swearing, they don't understand why he cusses. Now when he cusses at home they ignore the cussing (they don't think it's cute anymore). Laughing in this example is:

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ______.

Distinguish between the concepts of punishment of application and punishment by removal.