Question 1

Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?

Accepted Answer

A)  receiving harsh criticism for lying to your parents 
B)  losing telephone privileges for breaking curfew 
C)  getting stung by a bee when walking barefoot outside and stepping on the bee 
D)  getting pepper-sprayed for making a lewd comment to a stranger 
A)  receiving harsh criticism for lying to your parents 
B)  losing telephone privileges for breaking curfew 
C)  getting stung by a bee when walking barefoot outside and stepping on the bee 
D)  getting pepper-sprayed for making a lewd comment to a stranger

Question 2

When Luke kisses Laura, her heart rate increases. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the:

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned response. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned response. 
A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned response. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 3

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Accepted Answer

A)  food 
B)  praise 
C)  money 
D)  attention 
A)  food 
B)  praise 
C)  money 
D)  attention

Question 4

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

Accepted Answer

A)  if it is a primary reinforcer 
B)  if it is a positive reinforcer 
C)  if it is a negative reinforcer 
D)  regardless of whether it is a positive or negative reinforcer, a reinforcer makes a response more likely to occur 
A)  if it is a primary reinforcer 
B)  if it is a positive reinforcer 
C)  if it is a negative reinforcer 
D)  regardless of whether it is a positive or negative reinforcer, a reinforcer makes a response more likely to occur

Question 5

Which schedule of reinforcement reinforces the first correct response after a constant interval of time has elapsed?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  variable interval 
A)  fixed ratio 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  fixed interval 
D)  variable interval

Question 6

Classical conditioning:

Accepted Answer

A)  is primarily concerned with reflexes. 
B)  is primarily concerned with involuntary responses. 
C)  is passive. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  is primarily concerned with reflexes. 
B)  is primarily concerned with involuntary responses. 
C)  is passive. 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

When a CS is repeatedly presented by itself, ______ will occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization 
B)  discrimination 
C)  extinction 
D)  stimulus substitution 
A)  generalization 
B)  discrimination 
C)  extinction 
D)  stimulus substitution

Question 8

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward. The girl's learning to share is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  contingency theory 
D)  observational learning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  contingency theory 
D)  observational learning

Question 9

B. F. Skinner is known for his theory of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive learning. 
B)  intelligence. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
A)  cognitive learning. 
B)  intelligence. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 10

Training a rat to push a lever to escape from an electric shock is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive punishment. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  response cost. 
A)  aversive punishment. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  response cost.

Question 11

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  occur less frequently 
B)  occur more frequently 
C)  occur at the same rate 
D)  completely stop 
A)  occur less frequently 
B)  occur more frequently 
C)  occur at the same rate 
D)  completely stop

Question 12

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

Accepted Answer

A)  The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming. 
B)  The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married. 
C)  The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming. 
D)  Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. 
A)  The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming. 
B)  The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married. 
C)  The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming. 
D)  Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.

Question 13

Classical is to _______ as operant is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov; Skinner 
B)  Skinner; Pavlov 
C)  Pavlov; Watson 
D)  Watson; Pavlov 
A)  Pavlov; Skinner 
B)  Skinner; Pavlov 
C)  Pavlov; Watson 
D)  Watson; Pavlov

Question 14

It is even possible to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus in a process called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious conditioning 
B)  conditioned emotional responses 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  higher-order conditioning 
A)  vicarious conditioning 
B)  conditioned emotional responses 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  higher-order conditioning

Question 15

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and attempt to outline the laws of voluntary responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov 
B)  Watson 
C)  Skinner 
D)  Thorndike 
A)  Pavlov 
B)  Watson 
C)  Skinner 
D)  Thorndike

Question 16

A key to social learning theory is ____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  insight learning 
B)  cognitive mapping 
C)  latent learning 
D)  observational learning 
A)  insight learning 
B)  cognitive mapping 
C)  latent learning 
D)  observational learning

Question 17

Give an example of a conditioned taste aversion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example of a conditioned taste...

Question 18

Negative reinforcement is best thought of as:

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement for an undesirable activity. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  something that was predicted to serve as reinforcement but did not do so. 
D)  stimuli whose termination or removal increases behavior. 
A)  reinforcement for an undesirable activity. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  something that was predicted to serve as reinforcement but did not do so. 
D)  stimuli whose termination or removal increases behavior.

Question 19

On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  for the first correct response after a specific amount of time has passed 
B)  for correct responses after randomly varying amounts of time have passed 
C)   after a specific number of responses are given 
D)   after a randomly varying number of responses are given 
A)  for the first correct response after a specific amount of time has passed 
B)  for correct responses after randomly varying amounts of time have passed 
C)   after a specific number of responses are given 
D)   after a randomly varying number of responses are given

Question 20

Cognitive learning involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  an association between events or phenomena. 
B)  an association between responses. 
C)  an association between behavior and its consequences. 
D)  internal representations of events in the world. 
A)  an association between events or phenomena. 
B)  an association between responses. 
C)  an association between behavior and its consequences. 
D)  internal representations of events in the world.

Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?

When Luke kisses Laura, her heart rate increases. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the:

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

Which schedule of reinforcement reinforces the first correct response after a constant interval of time has elapsed?

Classical conditioning:

When a CS is repeatedly presented by itself, ______ will occur.

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward. The girl's learning to share is an example of ________.

B. F. Skinner is known for his theory of:

Training a rat to push a lever to escape from an electric shock is an example of:

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

Classical is to _ as operant is to _.

It is even possible to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus in a process called ________.

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and attempt to outline the laws of voluntary responses?

A key to social learning theory is ____________ .

Give an example of a conditioned taste aversion.

Negative reinforcement is best thought of as:

On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given ________.

Cognitive learning involves:

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Perspective

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Development Across the Life Span

Motivation, Stress, and Emotion

Social Psychology

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters

Exam 5: Learning

Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?

When Luke kisses Laura, her heart rate increases. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Laura's increased heart rate when Luke kissed her was the:

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

Which schedule of reinforcement reinforces the first correct response after a constant interval of time has elapsed?

Classical conditioning:

When a CS is repeatedly presented by itself, ______ will occur.

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward. The girl's learning to share is an example of ________.

B. F. Skinner is known for his theory of:

Training a rat to push a lever to escape from an electric shock is an example of:

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

Classical is to _______ as operant is to _______.

It is even possible to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus in a process called ________.

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and attempt to outline the laws of voluntary responses?

A key to social learning theory is ____________ .

Give an example of a conditioned taste aversion.

Negative reinforcement is best thought of as:

On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given ________.

Cognitive learning involves:

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Perspective

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Development Across the Life Span

Motivation, Stress, and Emotion

Social Psychology

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters

Classical is to _ as operant is to _.