Exam 5: Learning

Why does fear caused by punishment make the punishment ineffective in changing behavior?

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

A ________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch.

Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response rate?

Caitlin works in the psychology department's rat lab. In her studies, she found that many of her lab rats would develop a conditioned taste aversion to certain foods after as little as one trial. Caitlin's psychology professor refers to this as a classic example of

Conditioned taste aversions are an example of something called ________.

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called ________________.

Which of the following is NOT a negative reinforcer?

John's heart has been conditioned to beat rapidly whenever he smells Windsong perfume on a woman. However, John's heart also races when he smells Chanel #5 and other perfumes. This illustrates:

College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half?hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to ______.

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

Reacting to a stimulus that is similar to the one you have learned to react to is called ___________ .

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the presentation of the meat was the _______.

Which of the following statements about punishment is NOT true?

An automatic, innate, and involuntary response to an environmental events is an ________.

A woodchuck tries to crack a walnut shell in two different ways--with his paws and with his teeth. The last method worked and the first did not; hence, the woodchuck will be more likely to rely on his teeth for splitting the next nut. This observation illustrates the:

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?

Putting on sunglasses to relieve glare is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called _____________.

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is ________.