Exam 5: Learning

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

The person most closely associated with the law of effect is ________ .

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by ___________ .

The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior is known as __________.

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment), what was the CS?

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned her room. What is the cookie in this example?

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the presentation of the meat was the __________.

Analogy: Negative reinforcement is to punishment as _______ is to _______.

Bill hates to clean up after dinner. One night, he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up. When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen, his wife has cleaned everything up for him. Which of the following statements is most likely true?

Any event whose presence decreases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur is __________.

When Ivan Pavlov presented meat powder, the dog salivated. The meat powder was the ________ and salivation was the ________.

A small boy has just recently delighted his parents because he learned to call his father "daddy." However, it has now become an embarrassment to his mother when she takes him out with her because he keeps calling other men "daddy." This is an example of:

Belinda has a terrible headache. If she takes some aspirin so as to make her headache go away, this would be an example of

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a(n) __________ reinforcer.

In Bandura's study of observational learning, the abbreviation AMID stands for ________.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a ______.

Molly is sometimes loud and disruptive in class, and her teacher thinks she acts this way when she wants attention. The teacher worries that yelling at Molly might serve as a positive reinforcer for her bad behavior because it is giving Molly the attention she wants. One behavior modification that might help with this child is ________.