Exam 5: Learning

Classical is to _____ as operant is to _____.

The type of learning that involves a sudden coming together of the elements of a situation so that the solution to a problem is instantly clear is __________.

In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned stimulus was __________.

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in:

Where do secondary reinforcers get their power from?

Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that fears might be __________.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a metronome. You give the dog a biscuit, and then a second later you sound the metronome. You do this several times, but no conditioning seems to occur. This is probably because ________.

Mary arrives home to find her son washing the dirty dishes left from his party the night before. When she discovers his first-semester grade report on the table and sees that he got straight A's, Mary rewards him by relieving him of the unpleasant task of finishing the dishes. Which operant process does the example illustrate?

Darla has noticed how some of her friends have lost weight and gotten trim by exercising 1-2 hours each day. However, she has no plans to imitate their behavior. What component of Bandura's model of observational learning will explain why Darla has not started a similar weight loss program?

Classical conditioning was discovered by _______.

In classical conditioning, when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response, the neutral stimulus eventually elicits a similar response or becomes a/an _______ stimulus.

________ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

In the experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was _______.

At home, you rattle the chain on your dog's leash every time you prepare to take him for a walk. After several episodes like this, you find that your dog comes running to the front door even when you pick up the leash to put it back in the closet. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as ________.

Positive reinforcement results in ________ in the target behavior and negative reinforcement results in ________ in the target behavior.

If a person's action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, the probability of that person repeating the same action increases. This best illustrates:

Urie regularly watches his father change the oil on their family car. One month the car needs an oil change, but Urie's father is out of town. To his surprise, Urie is able to do the oil change even though he didn't realize that he knew how. This is an example of ________ learning.

The opposite of stimulus generalization is: