Exam 5: Learning

Presenting the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus is known as _________ conditioning.

This is the first exam you have ever taken in Professor Smith's class. You know nothing about her tests, and she has never done anything harmful to you or anyone else. Nonetheless, you are anxious about the test. Your anxiety in this situation is an example of:

John has been working on a math problem late at night without success, and eventually he falls asleep. Upon awakening, John suddenly realizes how to answer the problem. This best illustrates which of the following?

________ classical conditioning, operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the ________.

A researcher places dogs in a cage with metal bars on the floor. The dogs are randomly given electric shocks and can do nothing to prevent them or stop them. Later, the same dogs are placed in a cage where they can escape the shocks by jumping over a low hurdle. When the shocks are given, the dogs do not even try to escape. They just sit and cower. This is an example of ________.

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called _________ .

Gretta spends a lot of time at the race track betting on ponies, and occasionally she wins. The frequency of her betting is controlled by which of the following?

Current views of conditioning by psychologists, such as Rescorla, indicate that learning is completely automatic and has nothing to do with cognitive processes.

The Law of Effect was proposed by:

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye. Later, he blinks when he hears the tone. Before ending the experiment, what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

An animal is placed in a box with a bar and also a wire floor that can deliver a mild shock. The experimenter first sounds a buzzer, then a few seconds later turns on the shock. Pressing the bar after the buzzer sounds but before the shock is delivered will prevent the shock from occurring. This is an example of __________ .

Explain what learned helplessness is and describe how it develops. Also discuss the effects it has on people and animals once it is established.

Neurofeedback, a newer type of biofeedback, involves trying to change ____________.

Which of the following is an older part of the brainstem that is unable to determine which types of stressors are controllable?

If one presented the conditioned stimulus (such as a metronome) after the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (the food) in Pavlov's learning experiment, little or no classical conditioning would occur.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Define learning. Given this definition, what types of behaviors would not be considered learning? What types of behaviors would be included?

An example of a behavior that is learned through operant conditioning is _____________.

What do we call learning that has taken place but is not demonstrated?

As she walked through her neighborhood, Jodie, a 6 year old girl, frequently saw a large brown dog. She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it, but as her hand approached the animal, it barked and bit her. The bite was painful and caused her to cry. Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size. Jodie now cries when she sees any dog, big or small, brown or black, etc. This illustrates which of the following?