Question 1

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to be semiautonomous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Mutations in mtDNA are often caused by free-radical damage,which results from oxidative phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Is the so-called "universal" genetic code truly universal? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

It is not truly universal.Mito

Question 4

A bacterium is found that is resistant to the antibiotic gentamicin.The bacterium was isolated in a hospital where patients were routinely given gentamicin for a variety of infections.What was the pressure that selected for this resistant population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Presence of gentamicin in the environment. 
B)  High mutation rate for the bacterium. 
C)  Growth situation for the bacterium. 
D)  Patients not receiving antibiotic provided source of bacteria. 
E)  Tainted food. 
A)  Presence of gentamicin in the environment. 
B)  High mutation rate for the bacterium. 
C)  Growth situation for the bacterium. 
D)  Patients not receiving antibiotic provided source of bacteria. 
E)  Tainted food.

Question 5

Small circular dsDNA molecules carrying non-essential genes,called plasmids,may exist as multiple copies in some bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

We isolate nine different mutants unable to make histidine.They map in different locations and by genetic means we can show there are nine different genes in the pathway.How many enzymes can we anticipate finding in this pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  9 
E)  12 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  9 
E)  12

Question 7

Explain the difference between the F-,F+,Hfr,and F designations.

Accepted Answer

An F^- cell has no F plasmid,an

Question 8

Certain protozoa engulf cyanobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria)and maintain a given number of the cyanobacteria even when they divide.The protozoa divide only after the cyanobacteria have doubled their number.The cyanobacteria excrete glucose that the protozoa use for energy.This is a good example of

Accepted Answer

A)  parasitism by protozoa. 
B)  how protozoa consume particulate food. 
C)  establishment of an endosymbiotic relationship. 
D)  symbiosis between two microorganisms. 
E)  convergent evolution. 
A)  parasitism by protozoa. 
B)  how protozoa consume particulate food. 
C)  establishment of an endosymbiotic relationship. 
D)  symbiosis between two microorganisms. 
E)  convergent evolution.

Question 9

Since a mutation in an essential gene prevents a colony from growing,how would a bacteriologist study such a strain?

Accepted Answer

Use a conditional le

Question 10

Mother 1 and Mother 2 both show a hypothetical mitochondria-related phenotype,and neither father is affected.Both families have four children.The children of family 1 are all affected,but only half of the children of family 2 show the phenotype.Interpret this result with respect to the genotype of Mother 1 and Mother 2.

Accepted Answer

One explanation would be that Mother 1 i

Question 11

The universal code of DNA is the same for mtDNA as for chromosomal DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A homoplasmic cell carries

Accepted Answer

A)  a mixture of organelle genomes. 
B)  only one type of organelle DNA. 
C)  only one mitochondrion. 
D)  two identical nuclei. 
E)  only one chloroplast. 
A)  a mixture of organelle genomes. 
B)  only one type of organelle DNA. 
C)  only one mitochondrion. 
D)  two identical nuclei. 
E)  only one chloroplast.

Question 13

Which technique is used to make a copy of the colonies on a petri plate? One plate can be analyzed by a destructive method,while the other is retained for future use.

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin selection 
B)  replica plating 
C)  bifurcated plating 
D)  liquid culture 
E)  capillary transfer 
A)  penicillin selection 
B)  replica plating 
C)  bifurcated plating 
D)  liquid culture 
E)  capillary transfer

Question 14

Rhizobia are bacteria that live symbiotically in the roots of leguminous plants.It has been proposed that some enzymes in the bacteria were derived from the plant.What mechanism would most likely have been involved in this?

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction 
B)  transformation 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transposition 
E)  protoplasting 
A)  transduction 
B)  transformation 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transposition 
E)  protoplasting

Question 15

Artificial transformation methods must be used on most bacteria to make them competent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

With traits showing maternal inheritance,such as leaf variegation in four o'clocks,reciprocal crosses usually

Accepted Answer

A)  yield the same results. 
B)  yield different results. 
C)  yield results that can seldom be predicted. 
D)  eliminate the need for sexual reproduction. 
E)  show the trait to be X-linked. 
A)  yield the same results. 
B)  yield different results. 
C)  yield results that can seldom be predicted. 
D)  eliminate the need for sexual reproduction. 
E)  show the trait to be X-linked.

Question 17

A researcher hopes that a plant cell,after being shot with a gene gun,will

Accepted Answer

A)  die. 
B)  incorporate foreign DNA into its nucleus. 
C)  mutate to a new genotype. 
D)  show uniparental inheritance. 
E)  incorporate foreign DNA into its mitochondria. 
A)  die. 
B)  incorporate foreign DNA into its nucleus. 
C)  mutate to a new genotype. 
D)  show uniparental inheritance. 
E)  incorporate foreign DNA into its mitochondria.

Question 18

Heteroplasmic cells lead to earlier appearance of mitochondrially inherited disease compared to homoplasmic cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following statements is correct with respect to mitochondrial genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are transmitted,largely intact,from parent to offspring. 
B)  Their inheritance shows Mendel's principle of segregation. 
C)  Their inheritance shows Mendel's principle of independent assortment. 
D)  Their inheritance follows a 3:1 ratio. 
E)  Their inheritance follows a 9:3:3:1 ratio. 
A)  They are transmitted,largely intact,from parent to offspring. 
B)  Their inheritance shows Mendel's principle of segregation. 
C)  Their inheritance shows Mendel's principle of independent assortment. 
D)  Their inheritance follows a 3:1 ratio. 
E)  Their inheritance follows a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Question 20

An Hfr strain has a plasmid inserted near the trp (tryptophan)locus.This Hfr strain is incubated with an F- trp- strain.We isolate a trp+ strain that can readily donate this trait to other trp- strains.No other traits are transferred.What has happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  an F+ trp plasmid has been generated 
B)  typical Hfr mating 
C)  transduction occurs 
D)  transformation occurs 
E)  no change in genotype has occurred 
A)  an F+ trp plasmid has been generated 
B)  typical Hfr mating 
C)  transduction occurs 
D)  transformation occurs 
E)  no change in genotype has occurred

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to be semiautonomous.

Mutations in mtDNA are often caused by free-radical damage,which results from oxidative phosphorylation.

Is the so-called "universal" genetic code truly universal? Why or why not?

A bacterium is found that is resistant to the antibiotic gentamicin.The bacterium was isolated in a hospital where patients were routinely given gentamicin for a variety of infections.What was the pressure that selected for this resistant population?

Small circular dsDNA molecules carrying non-essential genes,called plasmids,may exist as multiple copies in some bacteria.

We isolate nine different mutants unable to make histidine.They map in different locations and by genetic means we can show there are nine different genes in the pathway.How many enzymes can we anticipate finding in this pathway?

Explain the difference between the F^-,F⁺,Hfr,and F designations.

Since a mutation in an essential gene prevents a colony from growing,how would a bacteriologist study such a strain?

The universal code of DNA is the same for mtDNA as for chromosomal DNA.

A homoplasmic cell carries

Which technique is used to make a copy of the colonies on a petri plate? One plate can be analyzed by a destructive method,while the other is retained for future use.

Rhizobia are bacteria that live symbiotically in the roots of leguminous plants.It has been proposed that some enzymes in the bacteria were derived from the plant.What mechanism would most likely have been involved in this?

Artificial transformation methods must be used on most bacteria to make them competent.

With traits showing maternal inheritance,such as leaf variegation in four o'clocks,reciprocal crosses usually

A researcher hopes that a plant cell,after being shot with a gene gun,will

Heteroplasmic cells lead to earlier appearance of mitochondrially inherited disease compared to homoplasmic cells.

Which of the following statements is correct with respect to mitochondrial genes?

An Hfr strain has a plasmid inserted near the trp (tryptophan)locus.This Hfr strain is incubated with an F^- trp^- strain.We isolate a trp⁺ strain that can readily donate this trait to other trp^- strains.No other traits are transferred.What has happened?

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

Dna Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: the Flow of Information From Dna to Rna to Protein

Digital Analysis of Genomes

Genome Annotation

Analyzing Genomic Variation

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

Exploring Synthetic Biology: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications

Filters

Exam 17: Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to be semiautonomous.

Mutations in mtDNA are often caused by free-radical damage,which results from oxidative phosphorylation.

Is the so-called "universal" genetic code truly universal? Why or why not?

A bacterium is found that is resistant to the antibiotic gentamicin.The bacterium was isolated in a hospital where patients were routinely given gentamicin for a variety of infections.What was the pressure that selected for this resistant population?

Small circular dsDNA molecules carrying non-essential genes,called plasmids,may exist as multiple copies in some bacteria.

We isolate nine different mutants unable to make histidine.They map in different locations and by genetic means we can show there are nine different genes in the pathway.How many enzymes can we anticipate finding in this pathway?

Explain the difference between the F-,F+,Hfr,and F designations.

Since a mutation in an essential gene prevents a colony from growing,how would a bacteriologist study such a strain?

The universal code of DNA is the same for mtDNA as for chromosomal DNA.

A homoplasmic cell carries

Which technique is used to make a copy of the colonies on a petri plate? One plate can be analyzed by a destructive method,while the other is retained for future use.

Rhizobia are bacteria that live symbiotically in the roots of leguminous plants.It has been proposed that some enzymes in the bacteria were derived from the plant.What mechanism would most likely have been involved in this?

Artificial transformation methods must be used on most bacteria to make them competent.

With traits showing maternal inheritance,such as leaf variegation in four o'clocks,reciprocal crosses usually

A researcher hopes that a plant cell,after being shot with a gene gun,will

Heteroplasmic cells lead to earlier appearance of mitochondrially inherited disease compared to homoplasmic cells.

Which of the following statements is correct with respect to mitochondrial genes?

An Hfr strain has a plasmid inserted near the trp (tryptophan)locus.This Hfr strain is incubated with an F- trp- strain.We isolate a trp+ strain that can readily donate this trait to other trp- strains.No other traits are transferred.What has happened?

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

Dna Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: the Flow of Information From Dna to Rna to Protein

Digital Analysis of Genomes

Genome Annotation

Analyzing Genomic Variation

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

Exploring Synthetic Biology: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications

Filters

Explain the difference between the F^-,F⁺,Hfr,and F designations.

An Hfr strain has a plasmid inserted near the trp (tryptophan)locus.This Hfr strain is incubated with an F^- trp^- strain.We isolate a trp⁺ strain that can readily donate this trait to other trp^- strains.No other traits are transferred.What has happened?