Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a step in transformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Donor cell DNA binds to a receptor site on the recipient cell. 
B)  DNA fragments pair with homologous regions of the recipient cell chromosome. 
C)  The donor cell lyses, releasing pieces of its chromosome into the environment. 
D)  DNA recombines with the recipient cell chromosome. 
E)  Both strands of the donor cell DNA are degraded. 
A)  Donor cell DNA binds to a receptor site on the recipient cell. 
B)  DNA fragments pair with homologous regions of the recipient cell chromosome. 
C)  The donor cell lyses, releasing pieces of its chromosome into the environment. 
D)  DNA recombines with the recipient cell chromosome. 
E)  Both strands of the donor cell DNA are degraded.

Question 2

When F+ conjugation occurs successfully, only one copy of the F plasmid single- stranded DNA is transferred. What else must minimally occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  circularization plus replication of the new recipient DNA 
B)  circularization of the recipient's new DNA 
C)  rolling circle replication in the recipient cell 
D)  continuation of rolling circle replication in the donor cell and replication in the recipient cell 
E)  stopping the rolling circle replication after one copy length, circularization, and replication 
A)  circularization plus replication of the new recipient DNA 
B)  circularization of the recipient's new DNA 
C)  rolling circle replication in the recipient cell 
D)  continuation of rolling circle replication in the donor cell and replication in the recipient cell 
E)  stopping the rolling circle replication after one copy length, circularization, and replication

Question 3

Explain when, why, and how recombination in bacteria is like crossing over in diploid cells.

Accepted Answer

Both bacterial recombination and crossin

Question 4

In a bacterial cross of an Hfr donor a+b+ with a recipient F- a- b- , what would be a possible recombinant?

Accepted Answer

a+b- , a-

Question 5

A competent bacterial strain that has the genotype a- b- c+ is transduced with a P1 phage carrying a fragment of donor chromosome with the a+ b+ c- alleles. The following number of transductants were found after screening for the selectable marker a+. $$\begin{array} { | c | c | } 
\hline \text { Transductant Genotyp } & \text { Number } \
\hline a + b - c + & 160 \
\hline a + b + c + & 360 \
\hline a + b + c - & 460 \
\hline a + b - c - & 20 \
\hline
\end{array}$$ Which of the following conclusions is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The selected marker screen will inhibit growth of transductants with the genotype a- b+ c- . 
B)  The transduction frequency between a and b is 82%. 
C)  Gene a and gene b are closer together than gene a and gene c. 
D)  The gene order is acb. 
E)  The transduction frequency between a and c is 48%. 
A)  The selected marker screen will inhibit growth of transductants with the genotype a- b+ c- . 
B)  The transduction frequency between a and b is 82%. 
C)  Gene a and gene b are closer together than gene a and gene c. 
D)  The gene order is acb. 
E)  The transduction frequency between a and c is 48%.

Question 6

In a conjugation experiment, the Hfr donor is thr+, leu+, his+, strR. The recipient is thr- , leu- , his- , strS. Why would you use medium containing streptomycin to analyze your results?

Accepted Answer

to identif

Question 7

Which methods did Seymour Benzer use to study 20,000 mutants of the rII region of the T4 bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A)  intragenic recombination analysis and deletion- mapping analysis only 
B)  genetic complementation analysis only 
C)  intragenic recombination analysis only 
D)  genetic complementation analysis, intragenic recombination analysis, and deletion- mapping analysis 
E)  deletion- mapping analysis only 
A)  intragenic recombination analysis and deletion- mapping analysis only 
B)  genetic complementation analysis only 
C)  intragenic recombination analysis only 
D)  genetic complementation analysis, intragenic recombination analysis, and deletion- mapping analysis 
E)  deletion- mapping analysis only

Question 8

In a cotransduction experiment the alleles a+, b+, and c+ were studied. The allele a+ alone was transduced into an auxotroph 1750 times, b+ alone 1700 times, and c+ alone 1725 times. Alleles a+ and b+ were both found 11 times, b+ and c+ 117 times, and a+ and c+ 15 times. What can you definitely conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes b and c are more closely linked than a and b or a and c. 
B)  The genes are all located extremely close to each other. 
C)  Genes b and c are found together only if double crossovers have occurred. 
D)  The gene order is a, b, c. 
E)  Genes a and b are more closely linked than a and c or b and c. 
A)  Genes b and c are more closely linked than a and b or a and c. 
B)  The genes are all located extremely close to each other. 
C)  Genes b and c are found together only if double crossovers have occurred. 
D)  The gene order is a, b, c. 
E)  Genes a and b are more closely linked than a and c or b and c.

Question 9

What is the role of the relaxosome in conjugation?

Accepted Answer

binds to F origin, o

Question 10

In his analysis of rII in phage, Benzer assayed complementation. Suppose you try your hand at this with several mutants and get the following results (+ = complementation): $\begin{array}{ll}
42 \text { and } 62 & + \
42 \text { and } 83 & - \
62 \text { and } 63 & - \
62 \text { and } 74 & + \
42 \text { and } 74 & \text { - } \
42 \text { and } 75 & + \
62 \text { and } 75 & \text { - }
\end{array}$ What can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutations 62 and 74 are in the same gene. 
B)  Mutation 63 is not in the same gene as either 62 or 42. 
C)  Mutations 62, 63, and 74 are in the same gene. 
D)  Mutations 42 and 75 are in the same gene. 
E)  Mutations 42 and 74 are in the same gene. 
A)  Mutations 62 and 74 are in the same gene. 
B)  Mutation 63 is not in the same gene as either 62 or 42. 
C)  Mutations 62, 63, and 74 are in the same gene. 
D)  Mutations 42 and 75 are in the same gene. 
E)  Mutations 42 and 74 are in the same gene.

Question 11

Name the two cycles in which bacteriophages act when they infect bacteria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the two cycles in which bacteriophages...

Question 12

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding F factor states?

Accepted Answer

A)  F+ and Hfr cells cannot convert exconjugants to a donor state. 
B)  F+ and F' cells cannot transfer donor genes to exconjugants. 
C)  An F+ cell can convert exconjugants to a donor state, as well as change their genotype. 
D)  An F' cell can convert exconjugants to a donor state, as well as change their genotype. 
E)  An Hfr cell can convert exconjugants to a donor state, as well as change their genotype. 
A)  F+ and Hfr cells cannot convert exconjugants to a donor state. 
B)  F+ and F' cells cannot transfer donor genes to exconjugants. 
C)  An F+ cell can convert exconjugants to a donor state, as well as change their genotype. 
D)  An F' cell can convert exconjugants to a donor state, as well as change their genotype. 
E)  An Hfr cell can convert exconjugants to a donor state, as well as change their genotype.

Question 13

An F' donor includes F DNA plus a segment of bacterial chromosome DNA. If conjugation is interrupted before the entire F' chromosome transfers, what could be the expected consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  a smaller F' plasmid than had been present in the donor 
B)  change of the recipient from F- to F+ 
C)  formation of a recipient that is a stable partial diploid 
D)  integration of some but not all F' genes into the recipient's chromosome 
E)  failure of the F' strand to circularize in the recipient 
A)  a smaller F' plasmid than had been present in the donor 
B)  change of the recipient from F- to F+ 
C)  formation of a recipient that is a stable partial diploid 
D)  integration of some but not all F' genes into the recipient's chromosome 
E)  failure of the F' strand to circularize in the recipient

Question 14

An interrupted mating study is carried out on the Hfr strains 1, 2, and 3. A small sample of each mixture is collected every minute for 20 minutes after conjugation is established. Results for each of the three Hfr strains are shown below. The total duration of conjugation (in minutes) is given for each transferred gene.
 $\begin{array} { l  } 
 \text {Hfr strain 1}&oriT&red&blu&grn&ylw\
\begin{array}{l}
\text { Duration } \
\text { (min) }
\end{array}&0&3&10&16&19\\
 \text {Hfr strain 2}&oriT&red&cyn&org&vlt\
\begin{array}{l}
\text { Duration } \
\text { (min) }
\end{array}&0&2&6&11&20\\
 \text {Hfr strain 3}&oriT&ylw&ind&mrn&vlt\
\begin{array}{l}
\text { Duration } \
\text { (min) }
\end{array}&0&0&8&12&14\
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

@#IMG-DLM& The time of entry for ylw (9

Question 15

To map genes of a bacterial strain, conjugation must be interrupted at given times. Suppose you have Hfr cells of genotype a+b+c+d+e+strR and F- cells of genotype a- b- c- d- e- strS and you combine these two cultures in liquid medium in four blenders at time 0. After intervals of 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes, you turn on successive blenders. What role does the blender play in the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  shears the sex pili of conjugants 
B)  serves as a culture container only 
C)  acts as a mechanism to bring cells into contact 
D)  hastens conjugation events 
E)  speeds up molecular movement of DNA 
A)  shears the sex pili of conjugants 
B)  serves as a culture container only 
C)  acts as a mechanism to bring cells into contact 
D)  hastens conjugation events 
E)  speeds up molecular movement of DNA

Question 16

In an E. coli conjugation experiment, the donor cell is found to be thr+, leu+, his+, and the F- cell is thr- , leu- , and his- . When the mating is interrupted after 10 minutes and the recipients are plated, they are found to be leu+ and his+ but thr- . What can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

leu and hi

Question 17

Which of the following is true of a bacterial strain that is his+ lac+ gal- ampR.

Accepted Answer

A)  It is unable to synthesize histidine. 
B)  It is auxotrophic for histidine. 
C)  It is unable to break down lactose. 
D)  It will grow on ampicillin. 
E)  It can use galactose as an energy source. 
A)  It is unable to synthesize histidine. 
B)  It is auxotrophic for histidine. 
C)  It is unable to break down lactose. 
D)  It will grow on ampicillin. 
E)  It can use galactose as an energy source.

Question 18

In conjugation, as the 5' end of the T strand begins to move across the pilus, what form of replication occurs in the donor cell?

Accepted Answer

rolling ci

Question 19

One kind of plasmid in bacteria is called an R plasmid. What kinds of genes are typically present on such plasmids?

Accepted Answer

antibiotic- resistan

Question 20

Once a phage genome has become part of the host chromosome, it is called a .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Once a phage genome has become part...

Which of the following is NOT a step in transformation?

When F+ conjugation occurs successfully, only one copy of the F plasmid single- stranded DNA is transferred. What else must minimally occur?

Explain when, why, and how recombination in bacteria is like crossing over in diploid cells.

In a bacterial cross of an Hfr donor a+b+ with a recipient F- a- b- , what would be a possible recombinant?

In a conjugation experiment, the Hfr donor is thr+, leu+, his+, strR. The recipient is thr- , leu- , his- , strS. Why would you use medium containing streptomycin to analyze your results?

Which methods did Seymour Benzer use to study 20,000 mutants of the rII region of the T4 bacteriophage?

What is the role of the relaxosome in conjugation?

In his analysis of rII in phage, Benzer assayed complementation. Suppose you try your hand at this with several mutants and get the following results (+ = complementation): 42 and 62 + 42 and 83 - 62 and 63 - 62 and 74 + 42 and 74 - 42 and 75 + 62 and 75 - What can you conclude?

Name the two cycles in which bacteriophages act when they infect bacteria.

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding F factor states?

An F' donor includes F DNA plus a segment of bacterial chromosome DNA. If conjugation is interrupted before the entire F' chromosome transfers, what could be the expected consequences?

In an E. coli conjugation experiment, the donor cell is found to be thr+, leu+, his+, and the F- cell is thr- , leu- , and his- . When the mating is interrupted after 10 minutes and the recipients are plated, they are found to be leu+ and his+ but thr- . What can you conclude?

Which of the following is true of a bacterial strain that is his⁺ lac⁺ gal^- amp^R.

In conjugation, as the 5' end of the T strand begins to move across the pilus, what form of replication occurs in the donor cell?

One kind of plasmid in bacteria is called an R plasmid. What kinds of genes are typically present on such plasmids?

Once a phage genome has become part of the host chromosome, it is called a .

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Inheritance Patterns of Single Genes and Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology of Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analysis of Gene Function by Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology and Its Applications

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

Filters

Exam 6: Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Which of the following is NOT a step in transformation?

When F+ conjugation occurs successfully, only one copy of the F plasmid single- stranded DNA is transferred. What else must minimally occur?

Explain when, why, and how recombination in bacteria is like crossing over in diploid cells.

In a bacterial cross of an Hfr donor a+b+ with a recipient F- a- b- , what would be a possible recombinant?

In a conjugation experiment, the Hfr donor is thr+, leu+, his+, strR. The recipient is thr- , leu- , his- , strS. Why would you use medium containing streptomycin to analyze your results?

Which methods did Seymour Benzer use to study 20,000 mutants of the rII region of the T4 bacteriophage?

What is the role of the relaxosome in conjugation?

In his analysis of rII in phage, Benzer assayed complementation. Suppose you try your hand at this with several mutants and get the following results (+ = complementation): 42 and 62 + 42 and 83 - 62 and 63 - 62 and 74 + 42 and 74 - 42 and 75 + 62 and 75 - What can you conclude?

Name the two cycles in which bacteriophages act when they infect bacteria.

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding F factor states?

An F' donor includes F DNA plus a segment of bacterial chromosome DNA. If conjugation is interrupted before the entire F' chromosome transfers, what could be the expected consequences?

In an E. coli conjugation experiment, the donor cell is found to be thr+, leu+, his+, and the F- cell is thr- , leu- , and his- . When the mating is interrupted after 10 minutes and the recipients are plated, they are found to be leu+ and his+ but thr- . What can you conclude?

Which of the following is true of a bacterial strain that is his+ lac+ gal- ampR.

In conjugation, as the 5' end of the T strand begins to move across the pilus, what form of replication occurs in the donor cell?

One kind of plasmid in bacteria is called an R plasmid. What kinds of genes are typically present on such plasmids?

Once a phage genome has become part of the host chromosome, it is called a .

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Inheritance Patterns of Single Genes and Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology of Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analysis of Gene Function by Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology and Its Applications

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

Filters

Which of the following is true of a bacterial strain that is his⁺ lac⁺ gal^- amp^R.