Exam 1: The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Peptidyl transferase and other proteins power the continuous progression of the ribosome along mRNA and catalyze what type of bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain?

Use the data in the following table to determine which nucleic acid sample can be ALL of the following 4 types: double- stranded DNA, single- stranded DNA, double- stranded RNA, or single- stranded RNA. Nucleic Acid Sample Data Sample 1 25\% of the bases are thymine Sample 2 35\% of the bases are adenine Sample 3 25\% of the bases are uracil Sample 4 55\% of the bases are cytosine Sample 5 50\% of the five- carbon sugars are deoxyribose

Which evolutionary process relies on the premise that individuals with the best adaptations are most successful at reproducing and leave more offspring than those with less adaptive forms?

What chemical group appears on the 5' carbon of a DNA nucleotide?

Which of the follow refers to all the RNA produced by transcription of DNA?

The genotypes of humans are more than 99% similar. What is the term that describes the alternative forms of genes that contribute to human genetic variation?

You have digested a molecule of DNA and want to identify a specific fragment of interest. The DNA is subjected to gel electrophoresis, but you get two bands that are very close in size. What could you use to determine which band is the correct one?

Messenger RNA codons pair with tRNA anticodons at which cell structure?

What kind of bond is formed between the 5' phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3' hydroxyl (OH) group of the adjacent nucleotide?

Genetic experiments have revealed the relationship between the observable traits of an organism, or _______, and the genetic constitution of an organism, or __________.

Which evolutionary process is most pronounced in small populations where statistical fluctuations in allele frequencies can be significant from one generation to the next?

If a eukaryotic chromosome was composed of 20% adenine, how much cytosine should theoretically be present in that same chromosome?

Based on molecular evidence, the ancestor of snakes had legs. How might you explain the loss of legs in modern snakes?

Modern genetics consists of three major branches. Which of these branches, also known as "transmission genetics," involves the study of the transmission of traits and characteristics in successive generations?

Identify which of the following includes three possible components of a RNA nucleotide?

Watson and Crick used evidence from several studies to determine the structure of DNA. What conclusion were they able to draw from Rosalind Franklin's X- ray diffraction data, specifically?

Only sixty- one of the sixty- four codons specify an amino acid. In what process do the other three codons function?

When a diploid cell divides by mitosis, the result is___________ .

During DNA replication, nascent DNA strands are synthesized in only one direction. Nucleotides are added only to which end of the nascent strand?