Question 1

RER has ribosomes, similarly to which structure that it is continuous with?

Accepted Answer

A) the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope 
B) the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope 
C) the outer mitochondrial membrane 
D) the outer chloroplast membrane 
E) the Golgi complex 
A) the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope 
B) the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope 
C) the outer mitochondrial membrane 
D) the outer chloroplast membrane 
E) the Golgi complex

Question 2

What powers the movement of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix?

Accepted Answer

A) electric potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane acting on the positively-charged targeting signal 
B) electric potential across the outer mitochondrial membrane acting on the positively-charged targeting signal 
C) ATP 
D) GTP 
E) electric potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane acting on the negatively-charged targeting signal 
A) electric potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane acting on the positively-charged targeting signal 
B) electric potential across the outer mitochondrial membrane acting on the positively-charged targeting signal 
C) ATP 
D) GTP 
E) electric potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane acting on the negatively-charged targeting signal

Question 3

What evidence suggests that the translocon, by itself, can properly orient transmembrane segments?

Accepted Answer

A) Purified components in cell-free systems show that the translocon, by itself, is capable of properly orienting transmembrane segments. 
B) Reconstituted translocons properly oriented membrane proteins in a natural membrane. 
C) Translocons orient proteins in red blood cells when exposed to them. 
D) Translocons bind to proteins in vitro. 
E) When translocons are missing, membrane proteins are not appropriately oriented. 
A) Purified components in cell-free systems show that the translocon, by itself, is capable of properly orienting transmembrane segments. 
B) Reconstituted translocons properly oriented membrane proteins in a natural membrane. 
C) Translocons orient proteins in red blood cells when exposed to them. 
D) Translocons bind to proteins in vitro. 
E) When translocons are missing, membrane proteins are not appropriately oriented.

Question 4

Which of the following strategies is used by Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium that causes meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A) The bacterium allows fusion with the lysosome, but the acidic pH cannot destroy it. 
B) The bacterium inhibits fusion of the phagosome with a lysosome. 
C) The bacterium allows fusion with the lysosome, but the lysosomal enzymes cannot destroy it. 
D) The bacterium produces proteins that destroy lysosomal membrane integrity so that the bacterium can escape into the cell cytosol. 
E) The bacterium neutralizes the enzymes in the lysosome. 
A) The bacterium allows fusion with the lysosome, but the acidic pH cannot destroy it. 
B) The bacterium inhibits fusion of the phagosome with a lysosome. 
C) The bacterium allows fusion with the lysosome, but the lysosomal enzymes cannot destroy it. 
D) The bacterium produces proteins that destroy lysosomal membrane integrity so that the bacterium can escape into the cell cytosol. 
E) The bacterium neutralizes the enzymes in the lysosome.

Question 5

The three-legged assembly of protein chains that makes up a clathrin molecule and that can assemble into a network of polygons resembling a honeycomb is called a _____.

Accepted Answer

A) trigeminy 
B) triskeleton 
C) trigellium 
D) triskelion 
E) triskellium 
A) trigeminy 
B) triskeleton 
C) trigellium 
D) triskelion 
E) triskellium

Question 6

Which coated vesicles move materials in a retrograde direction from the ERGIC and Golgi stack backwards toward the ER?

Accepted Answer

A) COPII-coated vesicles 
B) COPI-coated vesicles 
C) clathrin-coated vesicles 
D) cadmium-coated vesicles 
E) both COPII-coated vesicles and COPI-coated vesicles 
A) COPII-coated vesicles 
B) COPI-coated vesicles 
C) clathrin-coated vesicles 
D) cadmium-coated vesicles 
E) both COPII-coated vesicles and COPI-coated vesicles

Question 7

Most vesicles budding from the Golgi body have a fuzzy, electron-dense coat on their ______ surface. The coat appears to be made of _______.

Accepted Answer

A) luminal, protein 
B) cytosolic, protein 
C) luminal, lipid 
D) cytosolic, carbohydrate 
E) cytosolic, lipid 
A) luminal, protein 
B) cytosolic, protein 
C) luminal, lipid 
D) cytosolic, carbohydrate 
E) cytosolic, lipid

Question 8

What appears to be the purpose of molecular chaperones like BiP?

Accepted Answer

A) They recognize and bind to unfolded or misfolded proteins and help them attain their native structure. 
B) They recognize and bind to unfolded or misfolded DNAs and help them attain their native structure. 
C) They recognize and bind to unfolded or misfolded RNAs and help them attain their native structure. 
D) They recognize and bind unfolded or misfolded carbohydrates and help them attain their native shape. 
E) They transport secretory proteins into secretory vesicles. 
A) They recognize and bind to unfolded or misfolded proteins and help them attain their native structure. 
B) They recognize and bind to unfolded or misfolded DNAs and help them attain their native structure. 
C) They recognize and bind to unfolded or misfolded RNAs and help them attain their native structure. 
D) They recognize and bind unfolded or misfolded carbohydrates and help them attain their native shape. 
E) They transport secretory proteins into secretory vesicles.

Question 9

The separation of organelles or vesicles derived from different organelles is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) cell division 
B) mitosis 
C) meiosis 
D) subcellular fractionation 
E) cell ostentation 
A) cell division 
B) mitosis 
C) meiosis 
D) subcellular fractionation 
E) cell ostentation

Question 10

Substances that enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis bind receptors that collect in specialized domains of the plasma membrane called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) coated vesicles 
B) coated pits 
C) RME pits 
D) gap junctions 
E) tight junctions 
A) coated vesicles 
B) coated pits 
C) RME pits 
D) gap junctions 
E) tight junctions

Question 11

Treatment of lysosomal storage diseases with enzyme replacement therapy involves _______.

Accepted Answer

A) sending functional copies of the missing enzyme to the precise cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
B) targeting mutant copies of the missing enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
C) targeting functional copies of another enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
D) administration of small molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of substances that accumulate in the disease 
E) administration of large molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of substances that accumulate in the disease 
A) sending functional copies of the missing enzyme to the precise cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
B) targeting mutant copies of the missing enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
C) targeting functional copies of another enzyme to the cell sites where the deficiency is manifested 
D) administration of small molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of substances that accumulate in the disease 
E) administration of large molecular weight drugs to inhibit the synthesis of substances that accumulate in the disease

Question 12

When and where is the asymmetry of the phospholipid bilayers initially established?

Accepted Answer

A) in the Golgi complex during lipid and protein modification 
B) in the ER during lipid and protein synthesis 
C) in the secretory vesicles during lipid and protein modification 
D) in the mitochondria by random insertion into the membranes 
E) all of these are correct 
A) in the Golgi complex during lipid and protein modification 
B) in the ER during lipid and protein synthesis 
C) in the secretory vesicles during lipid and protein modification 
D) in the mitochondria by random insertion into the membranes 
E) all of these are correct

Question 13

Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT synthesized in the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

A) glycosaminoglycans in the animal extracellular matrix 
B) plant cell wall polysaccharides like pectin and hemicellulose 
C) the carbohydrates of glycolipids 
D) the carbohydrates of glycoproteins 
E) glycogen 
A) glycosaminoglycans in the animal extracellular matrix 
B) plant cell wall polysaccharides like pectin and hemicellulose 
C) the carbohydrates of glycolipids 
D) the carbohydrates of glycoproteins 
E) glycogen

Question 14

What process is responsible for organelle turnover in the cell and carries out the regulated destruction of the cell's own organelles for the purpose of recycling the components of which they are made?

Accepted Answer

A) autolysis 
B) autophagolysosome 
C) apoptosis 
D) autophagy 
E) autonomy 
A) autolysis 
B) autophagolysosome 
C) apoptosis 
D) autophagy 
E) autonomy

Question 15

Which of the following enzymes are typically found in lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases) 
B) oxidoreductases 
C) transferases 
D) lyases 
E) ligases 
A) hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases) 
B) oxidoreductases 
C) transferases 
D) lyases 
E) ligases

Question 16

Plant vacuoles are lined by a membrane known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) turgorplast 
B) tumoplast 
C) tonoplast 
D) chloroplast 
A) turgorplast 
B) tumoplast 
C) tonoplast 
D) chloroplast

Question 17

A scientist wishes to visualize movement of a protein in a living cell. Which procedure would work best?

Accepted Answer

A) pulse-chase 
B) fusion of the green fluorescent protein gene to the protein that is to be tracked through the cell 
C) fusion of the green fluorescent protein gene to the gene encoding the protein to be tracked through the cell 
D) pulse-chase using fluorescent antibodies 
E) all of these would work well 
A) pulse-chase 
B) fusion of the green fluorescent protein gene to the protein that is to be tracked through the cell 
C) fusion of the green fluorescent protein gene to the gene encoding the protein to be tracked through the cell 
D) pulse-chase using fluorescent antibodies 
E) all of these would work well

Question 18

Which molecule below is a GTP-binding protein that is required for the release of a clathrin-coated vesicle from the membrane on which it was formed?

Accepted Answer

A) AP2 
B) GGA 
C) clathrin 
D) dynamin 
E) opsonin 
A) AP2 
B) GGA 
C) clathrin 
D) dynamin 
E) opsonin

Question 19

The best characterized membrane contact site are: (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) ER-mitochondria 
B) ER-Golgi 
C) ER-lysosome 
D) ER-peroxisome 
E) ER-chloroplast 
A) ER-mitochondria 
B) ER-Golgi 
C) ER-lysosome 
D) ER-peroxisome 
E) ER-chloroplast

Question 20

What types of molecules below can a cell internalize by receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A) hormones 
B) enzymes 
C) bloode-borne proteins carrying certain nutrients 
D) growth factors 
E) all of these are correct 
A) hormones 
B) enzymes 
C) bloode-borne proteins carrying certain nutrients 
D) growth factors 
E) all of these are correct

RER has ribosomes, similarly to which structure that it is continuous with?

What powers the movement of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix?

What evidence suggests that the translocon, by itself, can properly orient transmembrane segments?

Which of the following strategies is used by Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium that causes meningitis?

The three-legged assembly of protein chains that makes up a clathrin molecule and that can assemble into a network of polygons resembling a honeycomb is called a _____.

Which coated vesicles move materials in a retrograde direction from the ERGIC and Golgi stack backwards toward the ER?

Most vesicles budding from the Golgi body have a fuzzy, electron-dense coat on their surface. The coat appears to be made of _.

What appears to be the purpose of molecular chaperones like BiP?

The separation of organelles or vesicles derived from different organelles is called ______.

Substances that enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis bind receptors that collect in specialized domains of the plasma membrane called ______.

Treatment of lysosomal storage diseases with enzyme replacement therapy involves _______.

When and where is the asymmetry of the phospholipid bilayers initially established?

Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT synthesized in the Golgi complex?

What process is responsible for organelle turnover in the cell and carries out the regulated destruction of the cell's own organelles for the purpose of recycling the components of which they are made?

Which of the following enzymes are typically found in lysosomes?

Plant vacuoles are lined by a membrane known as the:

A scientist wishes to visualize movement of a protein in a living cell. Which procedure would work best?

Which molecule below is a GTP-binding protein that is required for the release of a clathrin-coated vesicle from the membrane on which it was formed?

The best characterized membrane contact site are: (Select all that apply)

What types of molecules below can a cell internalize by receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 8: Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

RER has ribosomes, similarly to which structure that it is continuous with?

What powers the movement of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix?

What evidence suggests that the translocon, by itself, can properly orient transmembrane segments?

Which of the following strategies is used by Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium that causes meningitis?

The three-legged assembly of protein chains that makes up a clathrin molecule and that can assemble into a network of polygons resembling a honeycomb is called a _____.

Which coated vesicles move materials in a retrograde direction from the ERGIC and Golgi stack backwards toward the ER?

Most vesicles budding from the Golgi body have a fuzzy, electron-dense coat on their ______ surface. The coat appears to be made of _______.

What appears to be the purpose of molecular chaperones like BiP?

The separation of organelles or vesicles derived from different organelles is called ______.

Substances that enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis bind receptors that collect in specialized domains of the plasma membrane called ______.

Treatment of lysosomal storage diseases with enzyme replacement therapy involves _______.

When and where is the asymmetry of the phospholipid bilayers initially established?

Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT synthesized in the Golgi complex?

What process is responsible for organelle turnover in the cell and carries out the regulated destruction of the cell's own organelles for the purpose of recycling the components of which they are made?

Which of the following enzymes are typically found in lysosomes?

Plant vacuoles are lined by a membrane known as the:

A scientist wishes to visualize movement of a protein in a living cell. Which procedure would work best?

Which molecule below is a GTP-binding protein that is required for the release of a clathrin-coated vesicle from the membrane on which it was formed?

The best characterized membrane contact site are: (Select all that apply)

What types of molecules below can a cell internalize by receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Most vesicles budding from the Golgi body have a fuzzy, electron-dense coat on their surface. The coat appears to be made of _.