Question 1

Why does targeting glucocerebrosidase to lysosomes in macrophages serve as a treatment for Gaucher's disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucocerebrosidase is normally denatured in the lysosomes. 
B) Glucocerebrosidase is delivered to the precise sites in the cell where the deficiency is manifested, correcting the deficit. 
C) Glucocerebrosidase denatures the cytoplasm from its location in the lysosomes, correcting the deficit. 
D) Glucocerebrosidase binds to the outer lysosome surface and breaks down glycogen in the cytoplasm. 
E) Glucocerbrosidase is supposed to digest most of the enzymes in the lysosome. 
A) Glucocerebrosidase is normally denatured in the lysosomes. 
B) Glucocerebrosidase is delivered to the precise sites in the cell where the deficiency is manifested, correcting the deficit. 
C) Glucocerebrosidase denatures the cytoplasm from its location in the lysosomes, correcting the deficit. 
D) Glucocerebrosidase binds to the outer lysosome surface and breaks down glycogen in the cytoplasm. 
E) Glucocerbrosidase is supposed to digest most of the enzymes in the lysosome.

Question 2

Which part of the Golgi complex distinguishes between proteins to be shipped back to the ER and those that are allowed to proceed to the next Golgi station?

Accepted Answer

A) the cis cisternae 
B) the cis-Golgi network (CGN) 
C) the medial cisternae 
D) the trans cisternae 
E) the trans-Golgi network (TGN) 
A) the cis cisternae 
B) the cis-Golgi network (CGN) 
C) the medial cisternae 
D) the trans cisternae 
E) the trans-Golgi network (TGN)

Question 3

Why does glucocerebrosidase taken into macrophages by receptor-mediated endocytosis end up in lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) The enzyme travels through the cytoplasm to get to lysosomes. 
B) The enzyme denatures and then goes through a channel into lysosomes. 
C) Lysosomes are the natural target of enzymes taken into macrophages by endocytosis. 
D) Lysosomes adsorb glucocerebrosidase to their surfaces. 
E) Lysosomes pick up the enzyme from mitochondria. 
A) The enzyme travels through the cytoplasm to get to lysosomes. 
B) The enzyme denatures and then goes through a channel into lysosomes. 
C) Lysosomes are the natural target of enzymes taken into macrophages by endocytosis. 
D) Lysosomes adsorb glucocerebrosidase to their surfaces. 
E) Lysosomes pick up the enzyme from mitochondria.

Question 4

The ER reportedly contains sensors that monitor the concentration of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen. One proposal suggests that the sensors are normally kept in an inactive state by ______, particularly ______.

Accepted Answer

A) molecular chaperones, ribosomes 
B) proteasomes, BiP 
C) molecular chaperones, BiP 
D) enzymes, ER 
E) molecular chaperones, Rubisco 
A) molecular chaperones, ribosomes 
B) proteasomes, BiP 
C) molecular chaperones, BiP 
D) enzymes, ER 
E) molecular chaperones, Rubisco

Question 5

Which of the proteins below are NOT made on the membrane-bound ribosomes of the RER?

Accepted Answer

A) peripheral proteins of the inner surface of the plasma membrane 
B) soluble lysosomal proteins 
C) vacuolar enzymes 
D) proteins of the extracellular matrix 
E) all of these are correct 
A) peripheral proteins of the inner surface of the plasma membrane 
B) soluble lysosomal proteins 
C) vacuolar enzymes 
D) proteins of the extracellular matrix 
E) all of these are correct

Question 6

If you treated a macrophage with colchicine (a microtubular assembly inhibitor), what would likely happen to the rate of phagocytosis? What would likely happen to the rate of phagocytosis if you treated the macrophage with cytochalain B (an inhibitor of microfilament contractile activities)?

Accepted Answer

A) Nothing would happen after colchicine exposure. The rate would rise after cytochalasin B exposure 
B) The rate would drop after colchicine exposure. Nothing would happen after cytochalasin B exposure. 
C) Nothing would happen after colchicine exposure. The rate would drop after cytochalasin B exposure. 
D) The rate would rise after colchicine exposure. Nothing would happen after cytochalasin B exposure. 
E) Nothing would happen after treatment with either inhibitor. 
A) Nothing would happen after colchicine exposure. The rate would rise after cytochalasin B exposure 
B) The rate would drop after colchicine exposure. Nothing would happen after cytochalasin B exposure. 
C) Nothing would happen after colchicine exposure. The rate would drop after cytochalasin B exposure. 
D) The rate would rise after colchicine exposure. Nothing would happen after cytochalasin B exposure. 
E) Nothing would happen after treatment with either inhibitor.

Question 7

A tissue has been briefly labeled with radiolabeled amino acids. It is then transferred to a medium containing unlabeled amino acids. This can be done several times with different tissue samples for varying periods of time. What is the entire procedure called?

Accepted Answer

A) chase 
B) pulse 
C) pulse-chase 
D) labelard 
E) statin 
A) chase 
B) pulse 
C) pulse-chase 
D) labelard 
E) statin

Question 8

Which subunits of the COPII coat bind to the vesicle membrane to form the outer structural cage of the protein coat? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) Sec31 
B) Sec24 
C) Sec23 
D) Sec13 
A) Sec31 
B) Sec24 
C) Sec23 
D) Sec13

Question 9

How many subcompartments are there in chloroplasts into which proteins can be delivered?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 6 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 6 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 10

Lysosomal enzymes are transported from the TGN in vesicles coated with what protein?

Accepted Answer

A) clathrin 
B) lysozyme 
C) dynamin 
D) acid phosphatase 
E) COPII 
A) clathrin 
B) lysozyme 
C) dynamin 
D) acid phosphatase 
E) COPII

Question 11

What happens to the clathrin coat once the vesicle has budded from the Golgi body?

Accepted Answer

A) It is lost. 
B) It is strengthened. 
C) It is rearranged. 
D) It is thickened. 
E) It swells. 
A) It is lost. 
B) It is strengthened. 
C) It is rearranged. 
D) It is thickened. 
E) It swells.

Question 12

What donates a sugar to the growing oligosaccharide chain of a glycoprotein?

Accepted Answer

A) a complex carbohydrate 
B) a nucleotide peptide 
C) a nucleotide sugar 
D) a glycolipid 
A) a complex carbohydrate 
B) a nucleotide peptide 
C) a nucleotide sugar 
D) a glycolipid

Question 13

Cells are infected with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)strain in which a viral gene (VSVG)is fused to the green fluorescent protein gene. When the chimeric protein is synthesized, what pathway does it follow from synthesis until it leaves the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) RER, Golgi complex, plasma membrane, viral envelopes 
B) RER, Golgi complex, viral envelopes, plasma membrane 
C) Golgi complex, RER, plasma membrane, viral envelopes 
D) RER, Golgi complex, mitochondria, plasma membrane, viral envelopes 
E) RER, mitochondria, Golgi complex, plasma membrane, viral envelopes 
A) RER, Golgi complex, plasma membrane, viral envelopes 
B) RER, Golgi complex, viral envelopes, plasma membrane 
C) Golgi complex, RER, plasma membrane, viral envelopes 
D) RER, Golgi complex, mitochondria, plasma membrane, viral envelopes 
E) RER, mitochondria, Golgi complex, plasma membrane, viral envelopes

Question 14

Which correctly describes the effects and treatment of CDG1b?

Accepted Answer

A) Mannose is unavailable for incorporation into oligosaccharides; oral supplements of mannose are the treatment. 
B) Mannose is overproduced for incorporation into oligosaccharides; oral supplements of mannose are the treatment. 
C) Mannose is unavailable for incorporation into oligosaccharides; a diet free of mannose is the treatment. 
D) Mannose is overproduced for incorporation into oligosaccharides; a diet free of mannose is the treatment. 
E) Fructose is unavailable for incorporation into oligosaccharides; oral supplements of fructose are the treatment. 
A) Mannose is unavailable for incorporation into oligosaccharides; oral supplements of mannose are the treatment. 
B) Mannose is overproduced for incorporation into oligosaccharides; oral supplements of mannose are the treatment. 
C) Mannose is unavailable for incorporation into oligosaccharides; a diet free of mannose is the treatment. 
D) Mannose is overproduced for incorporation into oligosaccharides; a diet free of mannose is the treatment. 
E) Fructose is unavailable for incorporation into oligosaccharides; oral supplements of fructose are the treatment.

Question 15

Which pH below would be most likely to favor the operation of a lysosomal enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) 8.5 
B) 7.6 
C) 4.5 
D) 11.3 
E) 6.5 
A) 8.5 
B) 7.6 
C) 4.5 
D) 11.3 
E) 6.5

Question 16

Proteins that are destined to be translocated through the chloroplast envelope into the stroma must have a transit peptide including _______.

Accepted Answer

A) a thylakoid transfer domain 
B) a thylakoid lumen domain 
C) a transit peptidase 
D) a stroma-targeting domain 
E) a matrix-targeting domain 
A) a thylakoid transfer domain 
B) a thylakoid lumen domain 
C) a transit peptidase 
D) a stroma-targeting domain 
E) a matrix-targeting domain

Question 17

To what residue of a polypeptide are N-linked oligosaccharide chains attached as that poypeptide enters the RER lumen through the translocon?

Accepted Answer

A) arginine 
B) asparagine 
C) serine 
D) threonine 
E) ninhydrin 
A) arginine 
B) asparagine 
C) serine 
D) threonine 
E) ninhydrin

Question 18

What sugar is usually removed from the N-linked core oligosaccharide chains on proteins in the Golgi complex as opposed to the glucose residues trimmed off in the ER?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) galactose 
C) mannose 
D) sialic acid 
E) fucose 
A) glucose 
B) galactose 
C) mannose 
D) sialic acid 
E) fucose

Question 19

What happens to COPI-coated vesicles within the cell when the cell is treated with GTP analogues that can not be hydrolyzed?

Accepted Answer

A) They accumulate in the nucleus. 
B) They accumulate in the cytoplasm. 
C) They fuse into one giant vesicle in the cytoplasm. 
D) They decrease substantially in number in the nucleus. 
E) They decreasd substantially in number in the cytoplasm. 
A) They accumulate in the nucleus. 
B) They accumulate in the cytoplasm. 
C) They fuse into one giant vesicle in the cytoplasm. 
D) They decrease substantially in number in the nucleus. 
E) They decreasd substantially in number in the cytoplasm.

Why does targeting glucocerebrosidase to lysosomes in macrophages serve as a treatment for Gaucher's disease?

Which part of the Golgi complex distinguishes between proteins to be shipped back to the ER and those that are allowed to proceed to the next Golgi station?

Why does glucocerebrosidase taken into macrophages by receptor-mediated endocytosis end up in lysosomes?

The ER reportedly contains sensors that monitor the concentration of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen. One proposal suggests that the sensors are normally kept in an inactive state by , particularly .

Which of the proteins below are NOT made on the membrane-bound ribosomes of the RER?

If you treated a macrophage with colchicine (a microtubular assembly inhibitor), what would likely happen to the rate of phagocytosis? What would likely happen to the rate of phagocytosis if you treated the macrophage with cytochalain B (an inhibitor of microfilament contractile activities)?

A tissue has been briefly labeled with radiolabeled amino acids. It is then transferred to a medium containing unlabeled amino acids. This can be done several times with different tissue samples for varying periods of time. What is the entire procedure called?

Which subunits of the COPII coat bind to the vesicle membrane to form the outer structural cage of the protein coat? (Select all correct choices)

How many subcompartments are there in chloroplasts into which proteins can be delivered?

Lysosomal enzymes are transported from the TGN in vesicles coated with what protein?

What happens to the clathrin coat once the vesicle has budded from the Golgi body?

What donates a sugar to the growing oligosaccharide chain of a glycoprotein?

Cells are infected with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)strain in which a viral gene (VSVG)is fused to the green fluorescent protein gene. When the chimeric protein is synthesized, what pathway does it follow from synthesis until it leaves the cell?

Which correctly describes the effects and treatment of CDG1b?

Which pH below would be most likely to favor the operation of a lysosomal enzyme?

Proteins that are destined to be translocated through the chloroplast envelope into the stroma must have a transit peptide including _______.

To what residue of a polypeptide are N-linked oligosaccharide chains attached as that poypeptide enters the RER lumen through the translocon?

What sugar is usually removed from the N-linked core oligosaccharide chains on proteins in the Golgi complex as opposed to the glucose residues trimmed off in the ER?

What happens to COPI-coated vesicles within the cell when the cell is treated with GTP analogues that can not be hydrolyzed?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 8: Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

Why does targeting glucocerebrosidase to lysosomes in macrophages serve as a treatment for Gaucher's disease?

Which part of the Golgi complex distinguishes between proteins to be shipped back to the ER and those that are allowed to proceed to the next Golgi station?

Why does glucocerebrosidase taken into macrophages by receptor-mediated endocytosis end up in lysosomes?

The ER reportedly contains sensors that monitor the concentration of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen. One proposal suggests that the sensors are normally kept in an inactive state by ______, particularly ______.

Which of the proteins below are NOT made on the membrane-bound ribosomes of the RER?

If you treated a macrophage with colchicine (a microtubular assembly inhibitor), what would likely happen to the rate of phagocytosis? What would likely happen to the rate of phagocytosis if you treated the macrophage with cytochalain B (an inhibitor of microfilament contractile activities)?

A tissue has been briefly labeled with radiolabeled amino acids. It is then transferred to a medium containing unlabeled amino acids. This can be done several times with different tissue samples for varying periods of time. What is the entire procedure called?

Which subunits of the COPII coat bind to the vesicle membrane to form the outer structural cage of the protein coat? (Select all correct choices)

How many subcompartments are there in chloroplasts into which proteins can be delivered?

Lysosomal enzymes are transported from the TGN in vesicles coated with what protein?

What happens to the clathrin coat once the vesicle has budded from the Golgi body?

What donates a sugar to the growing oligosaccharide chain of a glycoprotein?

Cells are infected with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)strain in which a viral gene (VSVG)is fused to the green fluorescent protein gene. When the chimeric protein is synthesized, what pathway does it follow from synthesis until it leaves the cell?

Which correctly describes the effects and treatment of CDG1b?

Which pH below would be most likely to favor the operation of a lysosomal enzyme?

Proteins that are destined to be translocated through the chloroplast envelope into the stroma must have a transit peptide including _______.

To what residue of a polypeptide are N-linked oligosaccharide chains attached as that poypeptide enters the RER lumen through the translocon?

What sugar is usually removed from the N-linked core oligosaccharide chains on proteins in the Golgi complex as opposed to the glucose residues trimmed off in the ER?

What happens to COPI-coated vesicles within the cell when the cell is treated with GTP analogues that can not be hydrolyzed?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The ER reportedly contains sensors that monitor the concentration of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen. One proposal suggests that the sensors are normally kept in an inactive state by , particularly .