Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

The amount of energy released during the radioactive decay of uranium-238 to thorium-234 and an alpha particle is _____ kJ/mol. (Given, the atomic mass of ${ } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U }$ = 238.050788 amu, ${ } ^ { 234 } \mathrm { Th }$ = 234.043601 amu, and ${ } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \alpha$ = 4.002603 amu)

Deuterium (²H) absorbs neutrons much more effectively than does hydrogen (¹H).

The components in a light-water nuclear reactor that are used to absorb neutrons and thereby control the rate of the nuclear chain reaction are called _____.

Any nucleus that is unstable and decays spontaneously, emitting particles and electromagnetic radiations is said to be _____.

The heaviest elements are formed during the _____ stage in the lifetime of a star.

A(n) _____ is a nuclear reaction that occurs when an unstable nucleus emits radiation and is transformed into the nucleus of one or more other elements.

An isotope that can undergo a nuclear fission reaction when bombarded with neutrons is called a(n) _____.

The isotope radium-227 has _____ protons.

The function of a moderator in a nuclear power reactor is to slow down the neutrons to allow them to be absorbed by other nuclei.

Which of the following nuclear reactors use water as a moderator to slow down the neutrons to initiate a chain reaction?

The minimum mass of a fissile isotope capable of supporting sustained fission is called the _____.

In principle, nuclear fusion can produce much more energy than nuclear fission.

The general reaction for positron emission is _____.

Complete the balanced nuclear reaction for the formation of selenium-79 from iron-56 during a supernova explosion. ${ } _ { 26 } ^ { 56 } \mathrm { Fe } +---- \longrightarrow { } _ { 34 } ^ { 79 } \mathrm { Se } + 8 { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm {~B}$

The balanced nuclear equation for the formation of aluminium-27 from two carbon nuclei is _____.

Heavier elements can only be made by a process that involves multiple-neutron capture events.

The series of sequential alpha- and beta-decay reactions that occur until a stable nucleus is finally obtained is called a(n) _____.

Which of the following is a stable nuclide?

Which of the following noble gases is relatively abundant on earth compared with the other noble gases?

Except for hydrogen, most abundant elements have _____ atomic numbers.