Question 1

If $Q = K$ the system is at equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Define chemical equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process that consists of a forward reaction, in which reactants are converted to products, and a reverse reaction, in which products are converted to reactants. At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates.

Question 3

What does the law of mass action state?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lowest-energy electron configuration for an atom is the one that has the maximum number of electrons with parallel spins in degenerate orbitals. 
B)  For the general balanced chemical equation $a \mathrm {~A} + b \mathrm {~B} f \quad c \mathrm { C } + d \mathrm { D }$ , the equilibrium constant expression is
$K = \frac { [ \mathrm { C } ] ^ { c } [ \mathrm { D } ] ^ { d } } { [ \mathrm {~A} ] ^ { a } [ \mathrm {~B} ] ^ { b } }$ . 
C)  No two electrons in an atom can have the same value of all four quantum numbers. 
D)  The energy of the universe is constant: ? Euniverse = ? Esystem + ? Esurroundings = 0. 
E)  The entropy of the universe remains constant in a reversible process, whereas the entropy of the universe increases in an irreversible process. 
A)  The lowest-energy electron configuration for an atom is the one that has the maximum number of electrons with parallel spins in degenerate orbitals. 
B)  For the general balanced chemical equation $a \mathrm {~A} + b \mathrm {~B} f \quad c \mathrm { C } + d \mathrm { D }$ , the equilibrium constant expression is
$K = \frac { [ \mathrm { C } ] ^ { c } [ \mathrm { D } ] ^ { d } } { [ \mathrm {~A} ] ^ { a } [ \mathrm {~B} ] ^ { b } }$ . 
C)  No two electrons in an atom can have the same value of all four quantum numbers. 
D)  The energy of the universe is constant: ? Euniverse = ? Esystem + ? Esurroundings = 0. 
E)  The entropy of the universe remains constant in a reversible process, whereas the entropy of the universe increases in an irreversible process. B

Question 4

Explain the effect of the changes in temperature on the equilibrium of the system.

Accepted Answer

Changes in temperature can change the va

Question 5

Removing heat from an _____ reaction favors the formation of products.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Removing heat from an _____ reaction favors...

Question 6

What would be the effect of decreasing the temperature for the reaction $\mathrm { A } ( g ) + 3 \mathrm {~B} ( g ) f \quad 2 \mathrm { C } ( g )$ given that $\Delta H _ { \mathrm { rMM } } = - 145 \mathrm {~kJ} / \mathrm { mol }$ ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Equilibrium shifts to the left 
B)  There is no effect on the reaction 
C)  Formation of C is favored 
D)  Decomposition of C is favored 
E)  C remains constant 
A)  Equilibrium shifts to the left 
B)  There is no effect on the reaction 
C)  Formation of C is favored 
D)  Decomposition of C is favored 
E)  C remains constant

Question 7

Values of equilibrium constant (K) greater than 103 indicate a strong tendency for reactants to form products.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Define reaction quotient $( Q )$ .

Accepted Answer

Reaction quotient is a quantity derived

Question 9

The unit of equilibrium constant is mol/L.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Increasing the pressure of a system favors the side of the reaction that has fewer gaseous molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The industrial Haber-Bosch process uses Fe2O3/K2O as the mixed oxide catalyst to enable the reaction to proceed at a significant rate at temperatures of 400°C-530°C.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Identify the following kinetically controlled reaction: $\mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{3}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{NH}_{3}(\mathrm{~g})+\frac{3}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{CHC} \equiv \mathrm{N}(\mathrm{g})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})$

Accepted Answer

A)  The Haber-Bosch process 
B)  The Ostwald process 
C)  The water-gas shift reaction 
D)  The contact process 
E)  The Sohio acrylonitrile process 
A)  The Haber-Bosch process 
B)  The Ostwald process 
C)  The water-gas shift reaction 
D)  The contact process 
E)  The Sohio acrylonitrile process

Question 13

A reaction can be forced to go essentially to completion, regardless of the magnitude of K, by continually removing one of the products from the reaction mixture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The composition of an equilibrium mixture is dependent on the direction from which equilibrium is approached.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

_____ states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the composition of the system will adjust to counteract the stress.

Accepted Answer

Le Châteli

Question 16

A system whose reactants, products, or both are in more than one phase is a _____ equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A system whose reactants, products, or both...

Question 17

Which of the following denotes the reaction quotient Q?

Accepted Answer

A)  $[ A ] ^ { a } [ B ] ^ { b } + [ C ] ^ { c } [ D ] ^ { d }$ 
B)  $[ A ] ^ { a } [ B ] ^ { b } × [ C ] ^ { c } [ D ] ^ { d }$ 
C)  $[ \mathrm { C } ] ^ { \mathrm { c } } [ \mathrm { D } ] ^ { \mathrm { d } } - [ \mathrm { A } ] ^ { \mathrm { a } } [ \mathrm { B } ] ^ { \mathrm { b } }$ 
D)  $\frac { [ \mathrm { C } ] ^ { \mathrm { c } } [ \mathrm { D } ] ^ { \mathrm { d } } } { [ \mathrm { A } ] ^ { \mathrm { a } } [ \mathrm { B } ] ^ { \mathrm { b } } }$ 
E)  $[ \mathrm { C } ] ^ { \mathrm { c } } + [ \mathrm { D } ] ^ { \mathrm { d } } + [ \mathrm { A } ] ^ { \mathrm { a } } + [ \mathrm { B } ] ^ { \mathrm { b } }$ 
A)  $[ A ] ^ { a } [ B ] ^ { b } + [ C ] ^ { c } [ D ] ^ { d }$ 
B)  $[ A ] ^ { a } [ B ] ^ { b } × [ C ] ^ { c } [ D ] ^ { d }$ 
C)  $[ \mathrm { C } ] ^ { \mathrm { c } } [ \mathrm { D } ] ^ { \mathrm { d } } - [ \mathrm { A } ] ^ { \mathrm { a } } [ \mathrm { B } ] ^ { \mathrm { b } }$ 
D)  $\frac { [ \mathrm { C } ] ^ { \mathrm { c } } [ \mathrm { D } ] ^ { \mathrm { d } } } { [ \mathrm { A } ] ^ { \mathrm { a } } [ \mathrm { B } ] ^ { \mathrm { b } } }$ 
E)  $[ \mathrm { C } ] ^ { \mathrm { c } } + [ \mathrm { D } ] ^ { \mathrm { d } } + [ \mathrm { A } ] ^ { \mathrm { a } } + [ \mathrm { B } ] ^ { \mathrm { b } }$

Question 18

For the following reaction $A ( g ) + B ( g ) f \quad 2 C ( g )$ , $K _ { \mathrm { p } } = 1.8 \times 10 ^ { - 25 }$ at 30 ${ } ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ . If $P _ { \mathrm { A } }$ = 0.56 atm and $P _ { B }$ = 0.18 atm, what will be the partial pressure of C in equilibrium with A and B at 1 atm?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.18 
B)  0.56 
C)  6.7 $\times 10 ^ { - 25 }$ 
D)  $1.8 \times 10 ^ { - 25 }$ 
E)  1.3 $\times 10 ^ { - 13 }$ 
A)  0.18 
B)  0.56 
C)  6.7 $\times 10 ^ { - 25 }$ 
D)  $1.8 \times 10 ^ { - 25 }$ 
E)  1.3 $\times 10 ^ { - 13 }$

Question 19

_____ are the ratios of the measured concentrations to a standard state of 1 M.

Accepted Answer

Effective

Question 20

The Sohio acrylonitrile process involves the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: Chemical Equilibrium

If Q=KQ = KQ=K the system is at equilibrium.

Define chemical equilibrium.

What does the law of mass action state?

Explain the effect of the changes in temperature on the equilibrium of the system.

Removing heat from an _____ reaction favors the formation of products.

Values of equilibrium constant (K) greater than 103 indicate a strong tendency for reactants to form products.

Define reaction quotient (Q)( Q )(Q) .

The unit of equilibrium constant is mol/L.

Increasing the pressure of a system favors the side of the reaction that has fewer gaseous molecules.

The industrial Haber-Bosch process uses Fe2O3/K2O as the mixed oxide catalyst to enable the reaction to proceed at a significant rate at temperatures of 400°C-530°C.

A reaction can be forced to go essentially to completion, regardless of the magnitude of K, by continually removing one of the products from the reaction mixture.

The composition of an equilibrium mixture is dependent on the direction from which equilibrium is approached.

_____ states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the composition of the system will adjust to counteract the stress.

A system whose reactants, products, or both are in more than one phase is a _____ equilibrium.

Which of the following denotes the reaction quotient Q?

_____ are the ratios of the measured concentrations to a standard state of 1 M.

The Sohio acrylonitrile process involves the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia.

Introduction to Chemistry

Molecules, Ions, and Chemical Formulas

Chemical Reactions

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions

The Structure of Atoms

The Periodic Table and Periodic Trends

Ionic Versus Covalent Bonding

Molecular Geometry and Covalent Bonding Models

Gases

Liquids

Solids

Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Aqueous Acidbase Equilibriums

Solubility and Complexation Equilibriums

Chemical Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Periodic Trends and the S-Block Elements

The P-Block Elements

The D-Block Elements

Organic Compounds

Filters

If $Q = K$ the system is at equilibrium.

Values of equilibrium constant (K) greater than 10³ indicate a strong tendency for reactants to form products.

Define reaction quotient $( Q )$ .

The industrial Haber-Bosch process uses Fe₂O₃/K₂O as the mixed oxide catalyst to enable the reaction to proceed at a significant rate at temperatures of 400°C-530°C.