Exam 2: Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Cellular inclusions in prokaryotic cells serve to

The Golgi complex functions to

The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacteria and ________ contain ester linkages, while the cytoplasmic membrane of ________ contain ether linkages.

Using bright-field microscopy to look at a slide prepared with a basic dye you observe cells with a clear inner compartment within the cell at 400X magnification. The cell is most likely a(n)

Some of the intestinal symptoms elicited by pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia are due to the presence of

The use of the Gram stain in microbiology is important because it differentiates

Membrane-enclosed organelles, such as nuclei, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

A bacterial cell is interpreted as gram-positive when it forms purple insoluble crystal violet-iodine complexes within the cell during the Gram stain.

Predict what would happen to a motile bacterium undergoing chemotaxis if the Mot proteins suddenly ceased to function.

Some archaea have unique phospholipids in their cytoplasmic membrane that

The energy source derived from the charge separation across the cytoplasmic membrane is referred to as

Based on the table of attributes given below, which of the following statements are FALSE about the two organisms? Characteristic Bacterium A Bacterium B Endospore formation yes no Capsule no yes Type IV pili yes no Flagella no no Morphology bacillus bacillus

Smaller prokaryotic cells generally grow faster than larger ones due to a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio.

An organism of the genus Staphylococcus is ________, while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta is ________.

What is the function of an endospore and how is an endospore formed?

The peptide interbridge crosslinking between peptidoglycan layers is found ONLY in the cell walls of

Bacteria stain as gram-positive or gram-negative because of differences in the cell

Eukaryotes have ________ in their cytoplasmic membranes, which serve to strengthen and stabilize the membrane and make it less flexible. Many bacteria have similar molecules, known as ________, in their cytoplasmic membranes that have a similar role.

In general, most cell inclusions function as energy reserves or as a reservoir of structural building blocks.

You have discovered a new bacterial strain that causes urinary tract infections. Closely related bacterial species cannot cause infections. You compare the strains and find that your new strain has structures composed of protein external to its cell wall. What structures might your new strain have that the other strains do not? Why?