Question 1

Macromolecules resulting from lysosomal digestion are used in cellular biosynthesis and energy generation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Describe the makeup of the phospholipid bilayer. Include molecular orientation and proteins as well.

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid components of the lipids

Question 3

You have discovered a new coccoid-shaped microorganism with no nucleus, a rigid cell wall, and a diameter of 2 μm. Chemical tests reveal that its cell wall does NOT contain peptidoglycan. The new microorganism is

Accepted Answer

A)  most likely a bacterium. 
B)  most likely a eukaryote. 
C)  most likely an archaeon. 
D)  either a bacterium or an archaeon. 
A)  most likely a bacterium. 
B)  most likely a eukaryote. 
C)  most likely an archaeon. 
D)  either a bacterium or an archaeon.

Question 4

Based on your knowledge of porins from the chapter, what is the best description of the specific type of porin called an aquaporin?

Accepted Answer

A)  water transport proteins 
B)  molecules that prevent water from crossing a membrane 
C)  enzymes involved in the generation of water within cells 
D)  cations bound to water molecules 
A)  water transport proteins 
B)  molecules that prevent water from crossing a membrane 
C)  enzymes involved in the generation of water within cells 
D)  cations bound to water molecules

Question 5

The membrane-enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called

Accepted Answer

A)  cristae. 
B)  mitosomes. 
C)  lysosomes. 
D)  stromas. 
A)  cristae. 
B)  mitosomes. 
C)  lysosomes. 
D)  stromas.

Question 6

Transport proteins located in the cytoplasmic membrane are necessary when

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell. 
B)  movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient. 
C)  the level of nutrients in nature is very low. 
D)  nutrient concentration is very low in the environment, is higher inside of the cell, or diffusion is not possible. 
A)  diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell. 
B)  movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient. 
C)  the level of nutrients in nature is very low. 
D)  nutrient concentration is very low in the environment, is higher inside of the cell, or diffusion is not possible.

Question 7

Construct a chart to show at least five major differences between the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall of bacteria and archaea. What are the implications of these differences?

Accepted Answer

Answers could include the following: the

Question 8

Hydrolytic enzymes function in the

Accepted Answer

A)  initial degradation of nutrients. 
B)  transport of substrates within the cell. 
C)  chemotactic response, particularly in gram-negative Bacteria. 
D)  regeneration of the periplasm. 
A)  initial degradation of nutrients. 
B)  transport of substrates within the cell. 
C)  chemotactic response, particularly in gram-negative Bacteria. 
D)  regeneration of the periplasm.

Question 9

Some membrane proteins are involved in bioenergetic reactions, while others are involved in membrane transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to

Accepted Answer

A)  confer buoyancy on cells by decreasing their density. 
B)  serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
C)  keep the cell's organelles separated during flagellar motion. 
D)  store oxygen for aerobic growth when oxygen becomes depleted in the environment. 
A)  confer buoyancy on cells by decreasing their density. 
B)  serve as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
C)  keep the cell's organelles separated during flagellar motion. 
D)  store oxygen for aerobic growth when oxygen becomes depleted in the environment.

Question 11

Both hydrophilic and charged molecules readily diffuse through the cytoplasmic membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Explain why being small is advantageous for cells and how it affects growth rates.

Accepted Answer

A smaller cell has a greater surface are

Question 13

________ are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the ________ charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface.

Accepted Answer

A)  Diaminopimelic acids / positive 
B)  Teichoic acids / negative 
C)  Phospholipids / negative 
D)  Peptide interbridges / neutral 
A)  Diaminopimelic acids / positive 
B)  Teichoic acids / negative 
C)  Phospholipids / negative 
D)  Peptide interbridges / neutral

Question 14

Describe the mechanisms by which certain prokaryotes glide. What are the ecological advantages of gliding motility?

Accepted Answer

Mechanisms will vary depending on the or

Question 15

Although the inner leaflet of the gram-negative outer membrane is composed mainly of phospholipids, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane contains

Accepted Answer

A)  pseudopeptidoglycans. 
B)  lipoteichoic acids. 
C)  poly-β-hydroxybutyric acids (PH
B) . 
D)  lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 
A)  pseudopeptidoglycans. 
B)  lipoteichoic acids. 
C)  poly-β-hydroxybutyric acids (PH
B) . 
D)  lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

Question 16

Using phase contrast microscopy on a wet mount of live cells, you observe motile bacilli moving rapidly and randomly through the field of view, changing directions after a brief tumble and taking off in a different direction. These cells are exhibiting ________ motility.

Accepted Answer

A)  twitching 
B)  swimming 
C)  gliding 
D)  twitching or gliding 
A)  twitching 
B)  swimming 
C)  gliding 
D)  twitching or gliding

Question 17

Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) is a carbon- and energy-storing polymer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Bacteria with type IV pili

Accepted Answer

A)  possess tubular or stalk-like extensions of their cells. 
B)  likely exhibit twitching motility. 
C)  have capsules that promote dehydration. 
D)  live in aquatic environments. 
A)  possess tubular or stalk-like extensions of their cells. 
B)  likely exhibit twitching motility. 
C)  have capsules that promote dehydration. 
D)  live in aquatic environments.

Question 19

Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes, which supports the endosymbiotic hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Macromolecules resulting from lysosomal digestion are used in cellular biosynthesis and energy generation.

Describe the makeup of the phospholipid bilayer. Include molecular orientation and proteins as well.

You have discovered a new coccoid-shaped microorganism with no nucleus, a rigid cell wall, and a diameter of 2 μm. Chemical tests reveal that its cell wall does NOT contain peptidoglycan. The new microorganism is

Based on your knowledge of porins from the chapter, what is the best description of the specific type of porin called an aquaporin?

The membrane-enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called

Transport proteins located in the cytoplasmic membrane are necessary when

Construct a chart to show at least five major differences between the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall of bacteria and archaea. What are the implications of these differences?

Hydrolytic enzymes function in the

Some membrane proteins are involved in bioenergetic reactions, while others are involved in membrane transport.

A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to

Both hydrophilic and charged molecules readily diffuse through the cytoplasmic membrane.

Explain why being small is advantageous for cells and how it affects growth rates.

________ are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the ________ charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface.

Describe the mechanisms by which certain prokaryotes glide. What are the ecological advantages of gliding motility?

Although the inner leaflet of the gram-negative outer membrane is composed mainly of phospholipids, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane contains

Using phase contrast microscopy on a wet mount of live cells, you observe motile bacilli moving rapidly and randomly through the field of view, changing directions after a brief tumble and taking off in a different direction. These cells are exhibiting ________ motility.

Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) is a carbon- and energy-storing polymer.

Bacteria with type IV pili

Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes, which supports the endosymbiotic hypothesis.

The Microbial World

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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