Exam 3: Microbial Metabolism

Why is energy required for nutrient transport? Give an example of a system that transports nutrients and describe what source of energy is used to move the nutrients into the cell.

Most of the carbon in amino acid biosynthesis comes from

The proton motive force is most often generated by splitting of H₂.

The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway is another name for

Molybdenum is a cofactor for nitrogenase, which means every nitrogen-fixing microorganisms will not be able to fix nitrogen without Mo.

Regeneration of oxaloacetate is essential for the citric acid cycle to be cyclical.

If ΔG⁰ʹ is negative, the reaction is

A catalyst

In electron transport systems, the electron carriers are membrane associated.

Hypothetically, if free electrons existed in sufficient numbers for enzymes to use in metabolic reactions

Differentiate between exergonic and endergonic in terms of free-energy calculations.

Free-energy calculations are dependent on the rates of the reactions.

The rising of bread dough is the result of

Which element functions BOTH as an enzyme cofactor and as a stabilizer of ribosomes and nucleic acids?

In a given chemical reaction, if the free energy of formation is known for all of the reactants and each of the products, the change in free energy can be calculated for the reaction.

Discuss why energy yield in an organism undergoing anaerobic respiration is less than that of an organism undergoing aerobic respiration.

A bacterial isolate that grows better on a nutrient agar plate supplemented with amino acids but still grows in a nutrient agar plate lacking amino acids suggests amino acids are trace nutrients for the isolate.

From the standpoint of fermentative microorganisms, the crucial product in glycolysis is

The portion of an enzyme to which substrates bind is referred to as the

Categorize the circumstances under which the same substance (molecule) can be either an electron donor or an electron acceptor.