Question 1

For a carbon source, chemoorganotrophs generally use compounds such as

Accepted Answer

A)  acetate, succinate, and glucose. 
B)  bicarbonate and carbon dioxide. 
C)  nitrate and nitrite. 
D)  acetate, bicarbonate, and nitrate. 
A)  acetate, succinate, and glucose. 
B)  bicarbonate and carbon dioxide. 
C)  nitrate and nitrite. 
D)  acetate, bicarbonate, and nitrate.

Question 2

Biosynthesis of glucose can occur by compounds other than sugars via gluconeogenesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Five-carbon sugars are used in the

Accepted Answer

A)  biosynthesis of DNA and RNA. 
B)  catabolic pentose phosphate pathway for carbon and energy. 
C)  biosynthesis of DNA and RNA as well as catabolic pentose phosphate pathway. 
D)  activation of pentoses to form glycogen for energy storage. 
A)  biosynthesis of DNA and RNA. 
B)  catabolic pentose phosphate pathway for carbon and energy. 
C)  biosynthesis of DNA and RNA as well as catabolic pentose phosphate pathway. 
D)  activation of pentoses to form glycogen for energy storage.

Question 4

A chemoorganotroph and a photoautotroph in the same environment would NOT compete for

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen. 
B)  carbon. 
C)  nitrogen. 
D)  carbon and oxygen. 
A)  oxygen. 
B)  carbon. 
C)  nitrogen. 
D)  carbon and oxygen.

Question 5

Activation energy is the energy

Accepted Answer

A)  required for a chemical reaction to begin. 
B)  given off as the products in a chemical reaction are formed. 
C)  absorbed as ΔG⁰ʹ moves from negative to positive. 
D)  needed by an enzyme to catalyze a reaction without coenzymes. 
A)  required for a chemical reaction to begin. 
B)  given off as the products in a chemical reaction are formed. 
C)  absorbed as ΔG⁰ʹ moves from negative to positive. 
D)  needed by an enzyme to catalyze a reaction without coenzymes.

Question 6

Which metabolic strategy does NOT invoke the proton motive force for energy conservation?

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic catabolism 
B)  fermentation 
C)  chemoorganotrophy 
D)  photoautrophy 
A)  aerobic catabolism 
B)  fermentation 
C)  chemoorganotrophy 
D)  photoautrophy

Question 7

One example of an electron acceptor that can be used in anaerobic respiration is

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH. 
B)  water. 
C)  nitrate. 
D)  FMN. 
A)  NADH. 
B)  water. 
C)  nitrate. 
D)  FMN.

Question 8

Explain what an enzyme must accomplish to catalyze a specific reaction.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary, but the foc

Question 9

Based on the functional roles of phosphate in various microbial metabolisms, which of the following compounds most likely contain phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  organic compounds 
B)  inorganic compounds 
C)  both organic and inorganic compounds 
D)  neither organic nor inorganic compounds 
A)  organic compounds 
B)  inorganic compounds 
C)  both organic and inorganic compounds 
D)  neither organic nor inorganic compounds

Question 10

A bacterium that lacks an arginine biosynthetic pathway would still be able to make proteins with arginine and grow only if arginine is supplemented into the growth medium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The prokaryotic transport system that involves a substrate-binding protein, a membrane-integrated transporter, and an ATP-hydrolyzing protein is

Accepted Answer

A)  the ABC transport system. 
B)  group translocation. 
C)  symport. 
D)  simple transport. 
A)  the ABC transport system. 
B)  group translocation. 
C)  symport. 
D)  simple transport.

Question 12

The energy released from the hydrolysis of coenzyme A is conserved in the synthesis of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which is one major difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  electron donor 
B)  electron acceptor 
C)  use of electron transport 
D)  use of proton motive force 
A)  electron donor 
B)  electron acceptor 
C)  use of electron transport 
D)  use of proton motive force

Question 14

Which of the following is a common energy storage polymer in microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl~S-CoA 
B)  glycogen 
C)  adenosine triphosphate 
D)  H₂ 
A)  acetyl~S-CoA 
B)  glycogen 
C)  adenosine triphosphate 
D)  H₂

Question 15

A bacterium running low on NADPH could ________ to generate more of this coenzyme.

Accepted Answer

A)  degrade an amino acid or nucleic acid 
B)  invoke the pentose phosphate pathway 
C)  degrade a fatty acid 
D)  use a broad specificity phosphatase with inorganic phosphatase and NADH 
A)  degrade an amino acid or nucleic acid 
B)  invoke the pentose phosphate pathway 
C)  degrade a fatty acid 
D)  use a broad specificity phosphatase with inorganic phosphatase and NADH

Question 16

Consider a pizza dough made by vigorously mixing to form gluten and evenly disperse the ingredients such as bakerʹs yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Predict the metabolic differences yeast would have in a thinly flattened dough and in a spherical dough ball.

Accepted Answer

A flattened dough would have higher surf

Question 17

Aseptic technique refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the microbial inoculum placed into a test tube or onto a Petri plate. 
B)  a series of practices to avoid contamination. 
C)  the autoclave and other sterilizing procedures. 
D)  cleanliness in the laboratory. 
A)  the microbial inoculum placed into a test tube or onto a Petri plate. 
B)  a series of practices to avoid contamination. 
C)  the autoclave and other sterilizing procedures. 
D)  cleanliness in the laboratory.

Question 18

With respect to nitrogen utilization, relatively few bacteria can use NH₃ whereas many more can make use of N₂.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The class of macromolecules in microorganisms that contributes most to biomass is

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  proteins. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT membrane-associated?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH dehydrogenases 
B)  flavoproteins 
C)  cytochromes 
D)  Cytochromes, flavoproteins, and NADH dehydrogenases all can be membrane-associated. 
A)  NADH dehydrogenases 
B)  flavoproteins 
C)  cytochromes 
D)  Cytochromes, flavoproteins, and NADH dehydrogenases all can be membrane-associated.

Exam 3: Microbial Metabolism

For a carbon source, chemoorganotrophs generally use compounds such as

Biosynthesis of glucose can occur by compounds other than sugars via gluconeogenesis.

Five-carbon sugars are used in the

A chemoorganotroph and a photoautotroph in the same environment would NOT compete for

Activation energy is the energy

Which metabolic strategy does NOT invoke the proton motive force for energy conservation?

One example of an electron acceptor that can be used in anaerobic respiration is

Explain what an enzyme must accomplish to catalyze a specific reaction.

Based on the functional roles of phosphate in various microbial metabolisms, which of the following compounds most likely contain phosphate?

A bacterium that lacks an arginine biosynthetic pathway would still be able to make proteins with arginine and grow only if arginine is supplemented into the growth medium.

The prokaryotic transport system that involves a substrate-binding protein, a membrane-integrated transporter, and an ATP-hydrolyzing protein is

The energy released from the hydrolysis of coenzyme A is conserved in the synthesis of ATP.

Which is one major difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

Which of the following is a common energy storage polymer in microorganisms?

A bacterium running low on NADPH could ________ to generate more of this coenzyme.

Consider a pizza dough made by vigorously mixing to form gluten and evenly disperse the ingredients such as bakerʹs yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Predict the metabolic differences yeast would have in a thinly flattened dough and in a spherical dough ball.

Aseptic technique refers to

With respect to nitrogen utilization, relatively few bacteria can use NH₃ whereas many more can make use of N₂.

The class of macromolecules in microorganisms that contributes most to biomass is

Which of the following is NOT membrane-associated?

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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