Exam 9: Language and Thinking

To be wise according to the text, you need all of the following except

Jose is an extreme conservative. He believes that most people think the way that he does, even though objective data show otherwise. Jose probably suffers from

Superior cognitive processing was specifically mentioned as a benefit of ________.

While on vacation you remember passing a restaurant earlier in the day about halfway between your current location and your hotel. You visualize a map of the area and imagine 'scanning' from your current location back to your hotel (as is done in mental scanning experiments), and then imagine 'scanning' from your current location to the restaurant. What alternative has been proposed to the idea that these kinds of mental representations are visually-based?

Which of the following obstacles to reasoning and problem-solving does NOT involve the influence of our personal opinion?

Infants learn to discriminate more and more phonemes as they get older.

In Theide and Anderson's study on metacomprehension in undergraduates, what was the relationship between metacomprehension and performance for students writing summaries and the control group?

Jan got lost in downtown Toronto and asked a stranger "Do you know how to get to the train station?" The stranger replied, "Yes", and walked away. The stranger has failed to use which of the following aspects of language?

Sarah remarks, "It is cold in here, isn't it?" hoping Martha will close the window. Instead Martha comments, "No I don't think so" This is a breakdown in what area of language?

You ask several of your friends to rate the likelihood of the following statements: (1) There will be a flood in British Columbia, (2) There will be an earthquake in British Columbia that causes a flood. Almost all of your friends rate statement (2) as more likely. These likelihood estimates are _____________ and illustrate the use of _____________.

Sensory information is interpreted in light of existing knowledge in ______________ processing.

Roger is a smoker. In talking to him one day, you present all of the logical arguments for not smoking. He suggests that your logic is wrong and plans to continue smoking. Roger's behaviour reflects

As you get ready for your golf game, you imagine all the strokes and how you will put them together. You can see them in your mind. This type of thought is known as

Many people try to learn material for psychology by memorizing. This doesn't work for you. So you decide that you are better off reading for comprehension and making notes later. This reflects your demonstration of

Whenever Leslie's father gets home before 6:00 p.m., she knows he finished work early and will probably be in a good mood. The last two times he came home early he took Leslie to dinner. Leslie hears her father's car pull into the garage at 5:30 p.m. and thinks, "We're going out to dinner!" Leslie is using

Greater thinking flexibility and higher performance on IQ tests were specifically mentioned as benefits of

Before they ran any actual experiments, John Darley and Bibb Latané based the development of their theory of diffusion of responsibility on the highly publicized murder of Kitty Genovese and a few other similar instances. This would represent an instance in which science is utilizing __________ reasoning.

Describe how biological, maturational, and social learning factors are involved in language acquisition. What sex difference exists in language functions within the brain?

You've heard that a minimum of 15 hours time is necessary to do well on an exam. So, you start to record how much time you studied and how well you do on exams. You conclude that they were right-15 hours is necessary to do well. You have reached this conclusion using

Is there a critical (or sensitive) period for acquiring a second language? Discuss the evidence.