Question 1

Deductive reasoning is considered to be a stronger and more valid form of reasoning than inductive reasoning because

Accepted Answer

A) if the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false 
B) inductive reasoning is more vulnerable to the representativeness heuristic 
C) deductive reasoning is less vulnerable to the availability heuristic 
D) deductive reasoning leads to a high likelihood that the conclusions are true 
A) if the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false 
B) inductive reasoning is more vulnerable to the representativeness heuristic 
C) deductive reasoning is less vulnerable to the availability heuristic 
D) deductive reasoning leads to a high likelihood that the conclusions are true

Question 2

The problem-solving pitfall of a mental set was demonstrated most clearly in

Accepted Answer

A) Luchins' water jar problem 
B) the Tower of Hanoi problem 
C) the "Linda the feminist bank teller" example 
D) "The Crow and the Trains" problem 
A) Luchins' water jar problem 
B) the Tower of Hanoi problem 
C) the "Linda the feminist bank teller" example 
D) "The Crow and the Trains" problem

Question 3

People who learn a second language before the age of 10 and are able to speak both languages fluently are most likely to have ________.

Accepted Answer

A) completely separate neural networks for each language 
B) distinct but overlapping neural networks for each language 
C) difficulty in keeping the two languages separate 
D) a common neural network for both languages 
A) completely separate neural networks for each language 
B) distinct but overlapping neural networks for each language 
C) difficulty in keeping the two languages separate 
D) a common neural network for both languages

Question 4

The brains of men and women appear to process language differently. Research shows that men who suffer left-hemisphere strokes are more likely than women to show severe aphasic symptoms, which suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) the corpus callosum is integral to language use. 
B) more of women's language function is shared between the right and the left hemispheres. 
C) men have fewer language-processing neurons than do women. 
D) women rarely use their left hemispheres. 
E) the effect of stroke damage on women is less severe. 
A) the corpus callosum is integral to language use. 
B) more of women's language function is shared between the right and the left hemispheres. 
C) men have fewer language-processing neurons than do women. 
D) women rarely use their left hemispheres. 
E) the effect of stroke damage on women is less severe.

Question 5

Jody's parents were in a car accident and both suffered from a left hemisphere stroke. All things being equal, we would expect Jody's mom to have fewer language problems than her dad. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) In women, a stroke is likely to exert less pressure on the brain. 
B) In women, language is likely to be lateralized to the right hemisphere. 
C) In women, more language functions are shared with the right hemisphere. 
D) In men, the language area is larger than in women. 
E) In men, the language area is smaller than in women. 
A) In women, a stroke is likely to exert less pressure on the brain. 
B) In women, language is likely to be lateralized to the right hemisphere. 
C) In women, more language functions are shared with the right hemisphere. 
D) In men, the language area is larger than in women. 
E) In men, the language area is smaller than in women.

Question 6

__________ is symbolic, has structure, meaning, and is generative.

Accepted Answer

A) Language 
B) A prototype 
C) Intelligence 
D) Cognition 
A) Language 
B) A prototype 
C) Intelligence 
D) Cognition

Question 7

The impairment in speech comprehension and/or production as a result of damage in Broca's, Wernicke's, or both areas of the brain is called _________.

Accepted Answer

A) agnosia 
B) aphasia 
C) dyslexia 
D) disarticulation 
A) agnosia 
B) aphasia 
C) dyslexia 
D) disarticulation

Question 8

Shepard and Metzler found that the ____________ the difference in rotation between two pictured objects, the ___________ it took participants to decide if they were the same.

Accepted Answer

A) greater; longer 
B) greater; shorter 
C) smaller; longer 
D) smaller; shorter 
A) greater; longer 
B) greater; shorter 
C) smaller; longer 
D) smaller; shorter

Question 9

How do biological factors influence language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Biological factors play a significant ro

Question 10

In terms of the properties of languages, displacement is to symbolic as infinite is to _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) structure 
B) propositional 
C) representational 
D) generative 
A) structure 
B) propositional 
C) representational 
D) generative

Question 11

Compared to novices, experts have many more schemas to guide problem solving in their field and they are much better than novices at ________.

Accepted Answer

A) retrieving information from working memory 
B) using logic 
C) recognizing when each schema should be applied 
D) solving problems in fields other than their own 
A) retrieving information from working memory 
B) using logic 
C) recognizing when each schema should be applied 
D) solving problems in fields other than their own

Question 12

In every language, there are rules that determine how phonemes can be combined to create morphemes. These rules are called

Accepted Answer

A) mental representations 
B) semantics 
C) syntax 
D) motherese 
A) mental representations 
B) semantics 
C) syntax 
D) motherese

Question 13

Symbols used in any given language are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) arbitrary 
B) structured 
C) syntactic 
D) fixed 
A) arbitrary 
B) structured 
C) syntactic 
D) fixed

Question 14

When performing a cognitive task in which the person must inhibit attention to an irrelevant feature and pay attention to another feature, __________ typically perform better than __________.

Accepted Answer

A) bilinguals; monolinguals 
B) monolinguals; bilinguals 
C) males; females 
D) females; males 
A) bilinguals; monolinguals 
B) monolinguals; bilinguals 
C) males; females 
D) females; males

Question 15

Gary has a beautiful house on the beach in Vancouver. When Gary drives to the office each morning he follows the coastline as he knows his office is directly south of his home and is also on the waterfront. He also uses the coast road to get to the dentist, the grocery store, and the post office. When his teenage son starts driving he immediately points out to Gary that he is driving an extra 6 miles a day when he takes the coast road to the post office. Gary missed the more efficient route due to his ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) mental set 
B) inductive reasoning 
C) lack of framing the problem 
D) availability heuristic 
A) mental set 
B) inductive reasoning 
C) lack of framing the problem 
D) availability heuristic

Question 16

Using phonemes to build morphemes to create words reflects what type of approach to understanding language?

Accepted Answer

A) Bottom-up processing 
B) Top-down processing 
C) Phonemics 
D) Discourse 
A) Bottom-up processing 
B) Top-down processing 
C) Phonemics 
D) Discourse

Question 17

Marcus heard on the radio that there is a 50% chance of rain today. Janis heard that there was 50% of clear skies. Who is more likely to believe that it will not rain today and why?

Accepted Answer

A) Marcus because of confirmation bias 
B) Janis because of a belief bias effect 
C) Janis because of a framing effect 
D) Janis because of availability 
E) Both equally because of inductive reasoning 
A) Marcus because of confirmation bias 
B) Janis because of a belief bias effect 
C) Janis because of a framing effect 
D) Janis because of availability 
E) Both equally because of inductive reasoning

Question 18

The ability to produce something that is both new and valuable is called _________.

Accepted Answer

A) intelligence 
B) functional fixedness 
C) creativity 
D) displacement 
A) intelligence 
B) functional fixedness 
C) creativity 
D) displacement

Question 19

The crow-and-trains problem discussed in the text asked you to determine the total distance a crow would fly while flying back and forth between two converging trains. If you initially conceptualize it as a distance problem, it is very difficult to solve; if you frame the problem in terms of _________, it is relatively easy to arrive at the solution.

Accepted Answer

A) divergent thinking 
B) probability 
C) deductive reasoning 
D) time 
A) divergent thinking 
B) probability 
C) deductive reasoning 
D) time

Question 20

According to the text, the development of language made it easier for humans to adapt to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) increasingly complex social environmental demands 
B) increasing needs for more intelligent offspring 
C) environmental challenges that followed significant climate changes 
D) greater pressure for accurate memory 
A) increasingly complex social environmental demands 
B) increasing needs for more intelligent offspring 
C) environmental challenges that followed significant climate changes 
D) greater pressure for accurate memory

Deductive reasoning is considered to be a stronger and more valid form of reasoning than inductive reasoning because

The problem-solving pitfall of a mental set was demonstrated most clearly in

People who learn a second language before the age of 10 and are able to speak both languages fluently are most likely to have ________.

The brains of men and women appear to process language differently. Research shows that men who suffer left-hemisphere strokes are more likely than women to show severe aphasic symptoms, which suggests that

Jody's parents were in a car accident and both suffered from a left hemisphere stroke. All things being equal, we would expect Jody's mom to have fewer language problems than her dad. Why?

__________ is symbolic, has structure, meaning, and is generative.

The impairment in speech comprehension and/or production as a result of damage in Broca's, Wernicke's, or both areas of the brain is called _________.

Shepard and Metzler found that the __ the difference in rotation between two pictured objects, the _ it took participants to decide if they were the same.

How do biological factors influence language acquisition?

In terms of the properties of languages, displacement is to symbolic as infinite is to _____________.

Compared to novices, experts have many more schemas to guide problem solving in their field and they are much better than novices at ________.

In every language, there are rules that determine how phonemes can be combined to create morphemes. These rules are called

Symbols used in any given language are ________.

When performing a cognitive task in which the person must inhibit attention to an irrelevant feature and pay attention to another feature, typically perform better than .

Using phonemes to build morphemes to create words reflects what type of approach to understanding language?

Marcus heard on the radio that there is a 50% chance of rain today. Janis heard that there was 50% of clear skies. Who is more likely to believe that it will not rain today and why?

The ability to produce something that is both new and valuable is called _________.

According to the text, the development of language made it easier for humans to adapt to the ________.

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Deductive reasoning is considered to be a stronger and more valid form of reasoning than inductive reasoning because

The problem-solving pitfall of a mental set was demonstrated most clearly in

People who learn a second language before the age of 10 and are able to speak both languages fluently are most likely to have ________.

The brains of men and women appear to process language differently. Research shows that men who suffer left-hemisphere strokes are more likely than women to show severe aphasic symptoms, which suggests that

Jody's parents were in a car accident and both suffered from a left hemisphere stroke. All things being equal, we would expect Jody's mom to have fewer language problems than her dad. Why?

__________ is symbolic, has structure, meaning, and is generative.

The impairment in speech comprehension and/or production as a result of damage in Broca's, Wernicke's, or both areas of the brain is called _________.

Shepard and Metzler found that the ____________ the difference in rotation between two pictured objects, the ___________ it took participants to decide if they were the same.

How do biological factors influence language acquisition?

In terms of the properties of languages, displacement is to symbolic as infinite is to _____________.

Compared to novices, experts have many more schemas to guide problem solving in their field and they are much better than novices at ________.

In every language, there are rules that determine how phonemes can be combined to create morphemes. These rules are called

Symbols used in any given language are ________.

When performing a cognitive task in which the person must inhibit attention to an irrelevant feature and pay attention to another feature, __________ typically perform better than __________.

Using phonemes to build morphemes to create words reflects what type of approach to understanding language?

Marcus heard on the radio that there is a 50% chance of rain today. Janis heard that there was 50% of clear skies. Who is more likely to believe that it will not rain today and why?

The ability to produce something that is both new and valuable is called _________.

According to the text, the development of language made it easier for humans to adapt to the ________.

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Shepard and Metzler found that the __ the difference in rotation between two pictured objects, the _ it took participants to decide if they were the same.

When performing a cognitive task in which the person must inhibit attention to an irrelevant feature and pay attention to another feature, typically perform better than .