Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Consider the following word: "ch_ck". Since you work on an egg farm, you assume that the word is "chick". This is an example of

This forms a foundation for expertise and wisdom.

Summarize three factors that can interfere with the correct application of reasoning.

The text discusses a problem where you assume that you have a drawer containing 19 single black socks and 13 single blues and you are asked to determine how many socks you must pull out in the dark in order to be sure of having a matching pair. This problem was presented to demonstrate how the belief bias can interfere with deductive reasoning.

While walking to class one day, Nadia is caught in a downpour. Knowing that without an umbrella or rain jacket her hair will be ruined, Nadia takes her psychology textbook and covers her head with it. This unconventional use of the textbook shows that Nadia has overcome _______________.

How do social learning factors influence language acquisition?

The extreme position that language not only influences but determines what we are capable of thinking is known as the ________.

Semantics is to syntax as

Algorithms are to ____________ as heuristics are to ___________.

If the human brain achieved its present form 50,000 years ago, but realistic cave paintings did not appear for another 35,000 years and written language was not developed until 3,000 years ago, we can conclude that ________.

What are propositions and how are they formed?

Describe the representativeness heuristic and indicate how it applies to people's response to the Linda problem.

The idea that language can influence and/or determine our thoughts is related to which idea?

The proposal that humans have a language acquisition device is based on the evidence that the development of language

What is metacognition? Identify two types of metacognition and provide examples.

A person who engages in "top-down" processing and reasons from general principles to conclusions about a particular case is involved in deductive reasoning.

A mode of thought in which we seem to "hear" verbal sentences in our minds is referred to as imaginal thought.

Perceiving where each word within a spoken sentence begins and ends is a __________ process known as __________.

The surface structure of a language refers to the ways that symbols are combined within that language, while the underlying meaning of these combined symbols is considered ____________________.

Morphemes are the smallest unit of sound that can be recognized as separate in a language.