Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Sam is a grad student who often goes out for a drink with his friends on the weekend. He has begun to notice on these outings that as the night wears on and his friends have consumed more and more alcohol, their coordination becomes increasingly impaired. Based on these observations, Sam proposes that alcohol causes impaired coordination. As such, Sam is engaging in

Formulas such as the one used to determine the lengths of the sides of a right triangle (a2 + b2 = c2) are considered to be examples of ___________, whereas problem-solving techniques such as means-ends analysis are considered to be ___________.

Following a car accident, Mr. Jones had a great deal of difficulty understanding speech. At the hospital, the brain scan is most likely to show damage to

Eleanor Rosch (1973) studied the Dani people from New Guinea who had only two words for colour, one for bright colours and one for dark colours. Her results revealed that the Dani were capable of distinguishing the difference between _______________ colours, providing evidence that ___________ the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Words such as "tree," "water skiing," and "assertive" are considered to be the fundamental units of semantic memory and are all examples of

Most contemporary psycholinguists believe that operant conditioning ________.

The brain region centrally involved in language production and articulation is called __________.

Let's say that you are selling lottery tickets at your friend's bachelor party. You will probably sell more if you tell people they have a 50 percent chance of winning than if you say they have a 50 percent chance of losing. Why?

Language by its very nature requires _________ processing.

Nighttimes are among the most common forms of ________.

Charlotte had seen many beautiful diamonds before but she had never seen a purple diamond. Therefore Charlotte reasoned that purple diamonds do not exist. Charlotte's reasoning may be in error because it leads to a likelihood rather than a certainty. This is called ______________ reasoning.

There is fairly strong evidence that apes can communicate using symbols and hand signs and that these communications do convey meaning.

Typical and familiar members of a particular class by which many of our concepts are defined are called

In 1965, Fred Smith wrote a management class paper proposing reliable overnight delivery service. His professor gave him a C, because "the concept is interesting and well-formed, but in order to earn better than a C, [it] must be feasible." Smith ignored his professor's statement and founded Federal Express (FedEx), a company that is now worth more than $3 billion. Smith's professor wanted him to stick to business solutions that were proven, not come up with something "outside the box." In other words, Smith's professor was relying on a/an

Rules that govern the order of words are called ________.

For a given field, experts differ from novices in that

Does the evidence support the view that apes can acquire human language? Why or why not?

The confirmation bias can lead to this type of obstacle to problem-solving

Expertise and wisdom can be considered as the same constructs.

Terrance has severe damage to his right hemisphere of the brain due to an accident. He is __________ to perceive objects on his __________ visual field, and form mental images of them.