Exam 13: Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Dweck and associates had an adult respond to Grade 5 students' failures at an anagram task by either criticizing their low effort or their low ability on this task.How did these two different implied attributions affect the children's future attributions for their performance?

Children who show mirror self-recognition are more likely to be raised in cultures that emphasize which characteristic?

Despite being warm and loving, why are permissive parents more likely to have children who are low in academic achievement?

Suppose that you are a Grade 3 teacher with a class of 8- and 9-year-olds.One of the goals set by your school district is to improve children's role-taking skills.Explain why such a goal might have been made a part of the "directive" to teachers.Then describe two ways you might go about fostering improvement in role taking.

What characterizes the parental behaviour of those children who show a high need to achieve?

Barenboim studied the descriptions that children provided of other people.According to that research, which of the following best captures the changes to the descriptions that children use after 6 years of age?

Suppose you overhear a group of students discussing the results of their Psychology midterm.Based on current research findings, which of the following statements would be made by the student with an external achievement attribution?

Outline how children's responses to the question "Who am I?" change from early childhood to middle childhood and adolescence.

Griffin just looked in the mirror and saw a spot on the nose of his image.If Griffin is 2 years old, how will he react?

Identify and discuss three home influences that may have a strong impact on a child's achievement motivation, and also on his or her actual performance.

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding preschoolers' awareness of the psychological characteristics of others?

How does one's culture affect the development of self-esteem? Describe the results of research that has addressed the differences in the development of self-esteem between individualistic and collectivist societies.

Which of the following best captures the research findings of Gurucharri and Selman's five-year longitudinal study of the development of role-taking skills?

Which of the following best represents the research findings regarding changes to self-esteem as children get older?

Raoul's mother wants to help him understand that failures are a part of learning and something that can be overcome.If she wants to motivate Raoul to succeed, which of the following should she tell him?

According to research findings, what data provide support for the link between secure attachments in infancy and later achievement motivation?

Suppose you are at a friend's home, and while you are socializing his son, Nils, explores the living room.You notice that Nils has found a small wooden box that he tries to open repeatedly.Nil's father reaches down and unlatches the catch on the box, but Nil begins to cry until his father opens it for him.Which of the following types of achievement motivation best describe Nil's behaviour?

List and describe each of Selman's stages of social perspective taking; indicating for each the relationship to the child's general stage of cognitive development.

Of the following, which would be the first characteristics to be incorporated into a toddler's self-concept?

Give a detailed description of Harter's hierarchical model of self-esteem.