Question 1

How do Crocker and Wolfe (2001) define a self-worth contingency?

Accepted Answer

A) a domain or category of outcomes on which individuals stake their self-esteem 
B) a domain or category based entirely on the trait of self-esteem 
C) a domain or category of personal assessment that does not influence self-esteem until adolescence 
D) a domain or category independent of perceived successes or failures 
A) a domain or category of outcomes on which individuals stake their self-esteem 
B) a domain or category based entirely on the trait of self-esteem 
C) a domain or category of personal assessment that does not influence self-esteem until adolescence 
D) a domain or category independent of perceived successes or failures

Question 2

Contrast the incremental view of ability with the entity view of ability, and give an example that illustrates the difference between the two.

Accepted Answer

The incremental view of ability suggests

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding Canadian research on self-esteem is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-esteem programs in schools are largely unsuccessful. 
B) Global self-worth develops independently of aerobic fitness and body mass index in children. 
C) Boys are less concerned about body image than girls are. 
D) School programs aimed at improving body image in preadolescents made an overall improvement in feelings of self-esteem. 
A) Self-esteem programs in schools are largely unsuccessful. 
B) Global self-worth develops independently of aerobic fitness and body mass index in children. 
C) Boys are less concerned about body image than girls are. 
D) School programs aimed at improving body image in preadolescents made an overall improvement in feelings of self-esteem.

Question 4

During which of the following developmental phases is a significant increase in self-descriptions, including traits, beliefs, and values, first observed?

Accepted Answer

A) preschool 
B) kindergarten 
C) early to middle elementary grades 
D) late elementary grades to early adolescence 
A) preschool 
B) kindergarten 
C) early to middle elementary grades 
D) late elementary grades to early adolescence

Question 5

Contrast a mastery orientation with a learned-helplessness orientation, and provide an example to illustrate the difference between the two.

Accepted Answer

A mastery orientation refers to a mindse

Question 6

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding social competency?

Accepted Answer

A) It is not dependent on relational context. 
B) It begins in young adulthood. 
C) It contributes to global self-esteem. 
D) It begins in early infancy. 
A) It is not dependent on relational context. 
B) It begins in young adulthood. 
C) It contributes to global self-esteem. 
D) It begins in early infancy.

Question 7

Children who have achieved concrete operational thinking are also likely to be categorized as being in which of Selman's stages of perspective taking?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 or 1 
B) 1 or 2 
C) 2 or 3 
D) 3 or 4 
A) 0 or 1 
B) 1 or 2 
C) 2 or 3 
D) 3 or 4

Question 8

Which of the following statements about cross-cultural variance in the development of self-concept is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Children in many industrialized countries of Europe saw individuals who were preoccupied with personal concerns as maladjusted. 
B) Haitian children in south Florida had statistically lower scores on self-concept than white children. 
C) First Nations children in Canada develop self-concepts as part of an intergenerational knowledge transfer within their culture. 
D) The self-concept in Chinese children was found to be socially oriented across all domains. 
A) Children in many industrialized countries of Europe saw individuals who were preoccupied with personal concerns as maladjusted. 
B) Haitian children in south Florida had statistically lower scores on self-concept than white children. 
C) First Nations children in Canada develop self-concepts as part of an intergenerational knowledge transfer within their culture. 
D) The self-concept in Chinese children was found to be socially oriented across all domains.

Question 9

Which of the statements regarding cultural differences in displays of self-recognition is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Turkish infants outperformed Scottish and Zambian infants at the mirror self-recognition task. 
B) Infants from nomadic tribes who have no experience with mirrors are slower than city-reared children to pass self-recognition tasks. 
C) Zambian infants outperformed Scottish and Turkish infants at the body-as-obstacle task. 
D) Children from nomadic tribes could not recognize themselves in photographs until they were 4 or 5 years of age. 
A) Turkish infants outperformed Scottish and Zambian infants at the mirror self-recognition task. 
B) Infants from nomadic tribes who have no experience with mirrors are slower than city-reared children to pass self-recognition tasks. 
C) Zambian infants outperformed Scottish and Turkish infants at the body-as-obstacle task. 
D) Children from nomadic tribes could not recognize themselves in photographs until they were 4 or 5 years of age.

Question 10

Explain what is meant by achievement motivation, and give a specific example to illustrate your explanation.

Accepted Answer

Achievement motivation refers to the dri

Question 11

Which of the following is a stable internal cause for an achievement outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) effort 
B) ability 
C) task difficulty 
D) luck 
A) effort 
B) ability 
C) task difficulty 
D) luck

Question 12

According to Selman, what do children believe about others during the stage of social-informational role taking?

Accepted Answer

A) Even when others have received the same information as they have, others may have a different perspective. 
B) Others will always share their perspective. 
C) Perspectives differ only when the others have received different information than they have. 
D) All persons' perspectives match the view of the majority of the individuals within a group. 
A) Even when others have received the same information as they have, others may have a different perspective. 
B) Others will always share their perspective. 
C) Perspectives differ only when the others have received different information than they have. 
D) All persons' perspectives match the view of the majority of the individuals within a group.

Question 13

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issues of social cognition and the development of the self.

Accepted Answer

The four central developmental themes of

Question 14

Maite is concerned with how he compares to others in his peer group.For example, he is always trying to kick a ball farther than his friends, and he constantly wonders if he is doing as well in school as his classmates.Based on this information, what grade level of schooling is Maite in?

Accepted Answer

A) kindergarten 
B) early elementary 
C) middle elementary 
D) late elementary 
A) kindergarten 
B) early elementary 
C) middle elementary 
D) late elementary

Question 15

Eder studied children's self-concepts by asking them to choose between two descriptive statements.Do her findings support those obtained using the method of self-description?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, self-description provides a good estimate of self-concept for children of all ages. 
B) No, self-description overestimates the understanding that younger children have of their own characteristics. 
C) No, self-description underestimates the understanding that younger children have of their own characteristics. 
D) They do partially; self-description provides a good estimate of self-concept only in elementary school-aged children. 
A) Yes, self-description provides a good estimate of self-concept for children of all ages. 
B) No, self-description overestimates the understanding that younger children have of their own characteristics. 
C) No, self-description underestimates the understanding that younger children have of their own characteristics. 
D) They do partially; self-description provides a good estimate of self-concept only in elementary school-aged children.

Question 16

Jari failed his geology midterm.If Jari makes an external-unstable attribution for his failure, what is he most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

A) "It was just bad luck that most of the exam was on the one chapter I didn't study." 
B) "I was really tired during the exam, because I had to work the late shift the night before." 
C) "I just can't seem to catch on in my geology classes, and I don't think I'll ever learn all those terms." 
D) "That professor has impossible exams; if I retake the class with a different professor I'll probably do much better." 
A) "It was just bad luck that most of the exam was on the one chapter I didn't study." 
B) "I was really tired during the exam, because I had to work the late shift the night before." 
C) "I just can't seem to catch on in my geology classes, and I don't think I'll ever learn all those terms." 
D) "That professor has impossible exams; if I retake the class with a different professor I'll probably do much better."

Question 17

Even though Vincenzo is not very good at the logical reasoning required in his philosophy class, he looks forward to each lecture because he is interested in the topic.He views this course as a way to improve his skills.Given this scenario, which type of achievement orientation does Vincenzo have?

Accepted Answer

A) learned strategic 
B) learned helplessness 
C) mastery 
D) relational 
A) learned strategic 
B) learned helplessness 
C) mastery 
D) relational

Question 18

Leon is a Grade 6 teacher who assigns marks based on the quality of submissions, rather than the effort expended on the project.Leon's method of grading represents which view of ability?

Accepted Answer

A) approval-seeking 
B) entity 
C) incremental 
D) mastery 
A) approval-seeking 
B) entity 
C) incremental 
D) mastery

Question 19

Using Bowlby's working models theory of attachment, explain the development and expression of self-esteem in young children (4 to 5 years of age).

Accepted Answer

Bowlby's working models theory of attach

Question 20

According to Weiner, which of the following patterns of causal attribution for successes and failures characterizes high achievers?

Accepted Answer

A) They attribute successes to stable, internal factors, and failures to unstable, external factors. 
B) They attribute successes to stable, external factors, and failures to stable, internal factors. 
C) They attribute successes to unstable, internal factors, and failures to stable, external factors. 
D) They attribute successes to unstable, external factors, and failures to unstable, internal factors. 
A) They attribute successes to stable, internal factors, and failures to unstable, external factors. 
B) They attribute successes to stable, external factors, and failures to stable, internal factors. 
C) They attribute successes to unstable, internal factors, and failures to stable, external factors. 
D) They attribute successes to unstable, external factors, and failures to unstable, internal factors.

How do Crocker and Wolfe (2001) define a self-worth contingency?

Contrast the incremental view of ability with the entity view of ability, and give an example that illustrates the difference between the two.

Which of the following statements regarding Canadian research on self-esteem is accurate?

During which of the following developmental phases is a significant increase in self-descriptions, including traits, beliefs, and values, first observed?

Contrast a mastery orientation with a learned-helplessness orientation, and provide an example to illustrate the difference between the two.

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding social competency?

Children who have achieved concrete operational thinking are also likely to be categorized as being in which of Selman's stages of perspective taking?

Which of the following statements about cross-cultural variance in the development of self-concept is accurate?

Which of the statements regarding cultural differences in displays of self-recognition is accurate?

Explain what is meant by achievement motivation, and give a specific example to illustrate your explanation.

Which of the following is a stable internal cause for an achievement outcome?

According to Selman, what do children believe about others during the stage of social-informational role taking?

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issues of social cognition and the development of the self.

Maite is concerned with how he compares to others in his peer group.For example, he is always trying to kick a ball farther than his friends, and he constantly wonders if he is doing as well in school as his classmates.Based on this information, what grade level of schooling is Maite in?

Eder studied children's self-concepts by asking them to choose between two descriptive statements.Do her findings support those obtained using the method of self-description?

Jari failed his geology midterm.If Jari makes an external-unstable attribution for his failure, what is he most likely to say?

Even though Vincenzo is not very good at the logical reasoning required in his philosophy class, he looks forward to each lecture because he is interested in the topic.He views this course as a way to improve his skills.Given this scenario, which type of achievement orientation does Vincenzo have?

Leon is a Grade 6 teacher who assigns marks based on the quality of submissions, rather than the effort expended on the project.Leon's method of grading represents which view of ability?

Using Bowlby's working models theory of attachment, explain the development and expression of self-esteem in young children (4 to 5 years of age).

According to Weiner, which of the following patterns of causal attribution for successes and failures characterizes high achievers?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 13: Development of the Self and Social Cognition

How do Crocker and Wolfe (2001) define a self-worth contingency?

Contrast the incremental view of ability with the entity view of ability, and give an example that illustrates the difference between the two.

Which of the following statements regarding Canadian research on self-esteem is accurate?

During which of the following developmental phases is a significant increase in self-descriptions, including traits, beliefs, and values, first observed?

Contrast a mastery orientation with a learned-helplessness orientation, and provide an example to illustrate the difference between the two.

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding social competency?

Children who have achieved concrete operational thinking are also likely to be categorized as being in which of Selman's stages of perspective taking?

Which of the following statements about cross-cultural variance in the development of self-concept is accurate?

Which of the statements regarding cultural differences in displays of self-recognition is accurate?

Explain what is meant by achievement motivation, and give a specific example to illustrate your explanation.

Which of the following is a stable internal cause for an achievement outcome?

According to Selman, what do children believe about others during the stage of social-informational role taking?

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issues of social cognition and the development of the self.

Maite is concerned with how he compares to others in his peer group.For example, he is always trying to kick a ball farther than his friends, and he constantly wonders if he is doing as well in school as his classmates.Based on this information, what grade level of schooling is Maite in?

Eder studied children's self-concepts by asking them to choose between two descriptive statements.Do her findings support those obtained using the method of self-description?

Jari failed his geology midterm.If Jari makes an external-unstable attribution for his failure, what is he most likely to say?

Even though Vincenzo is not very good at the logical reasoning required in his philosophy class, he looks forward to each lecture because he is interested in the topic.He views this course as a way to improve his skills.Given this scenario, which type of achievement orientation does Vincenzo have?

Leon is a Grade 6 teacher who assigns marks based on the quality of submissions, rather than the effort expended on the project.Leon's method of grading represents which view of ability?

Using Bowlby's working models theory of attachment, explain the development and expression of self-esteem in young children (4 to 5 years of age).

According to Weiner, which of the following patterns of causal attribution for successes and failures characterizes high achievers?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters