Question 1

What feature of a dinosaur determines whether it is a saurischian or an ornithischian dinosaur?

Accepted Answer

A)  size 
B)  habitat 
C)  feeding preference 
D)  pelvic bone structure 
E)  number of feet it walks on 
A)  size 
B)  habitat 
C)  feeding preference 
D)  pelvic bone structure 
E)  number of feet it walks on

Question 2

Which type of organisms were likely the first land animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  birds 
B)  reptiles 
C)  mammals 
D)  amphibians 
E)  arthropods 
A)  birds 
B)  reptiles 
C)  mammals 
D)  amphibians 
E)  arthropods

Question 3

Fossil stromatolites are evidence that cells exited 3.5 million years ago. 
_____________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The first photosynthetic organisms to obtain hydrogen by splitting water were the cyanobacteria . ______________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Why is it believed that RNA was the first informational molecule to evolve?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA molecules can replicate into DNA molecules. 
B)  RNA molecules are more central to modern inheritance than DNA. 
C)  RNA molecules degrade more slowly in solution than DNA molecules. 
D)  RNA molecules are much simpler structures than other macromolecules. 
E)  RNA molecules are able to function as both enzymes and substrates for their own replication. 
A)  RNA molecules can replicate into DNA molecules. 
B)  RNA molecules are more central to modern inheritance than DNA. 
C)  RNA molecules degrade more slowly in solution than DNA molecules. 
D)  RNA molecules are much simpler structures than other macromolecules. 
E)  RNA molecules are able to function as both enzymes and substrates for their own replication.

Question 6

One of the most significant steps in the evolution of true cells from macromolecular assemblages was the evolution of:

Accepted Answer

A)  electronegativity. 
B)  covalent bonding. 
C)  hydrogen bonding. 
D)  valence electrons. 
E)  molecular reproduction. 
A)  electronegativity. 
B)  covalent bonding. 
C)  hydrogen bonding. 
D)  valence electrons. 
E)  molecular reproduction.

Question 7

The first cells were autotrophs,

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What was the purpose of the spark chamber in this experimental apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A)  To generate heat 
B)  To produce ATP 
C)  To stop the reaction 
D)  To generate lightening 
E)  To produce UV radiation 
A)  To generate heat 
B)  To produce ATP 
C)  To stop the reaction 
D)  To generate lightening 
E)  To produce UV radiation

Question 9

A significant reduction in the amount of which gas would allow more ultraviolet radiation to reach Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  methane 
C)  ozone 
D)  cyanide 
E)  carbon dioxide 
A)  oxygen 
B)  methane 
C)  ozone 
D)  cyanide 
E)  carbon dioxide

Question 10

Which time period of Earth represents when evolution was progressing at the most rapid rate, as evidenced by fossils such as those of the Burgess Shale?

Accepted Answer

A)  Silurian period 
B)  Cambrian period 
C)  Devonian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Carboniferous period 
A)  Silurian period 
B)  Cambrian period 
C)  Devonian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Carboniferous period

Question 11

Place the following organisms in order of appearance in the fossil record, beginning with the earliest. 
A. ferns, algae, flowering plants, gymnosperms 
B. amphibians, reptiles, fish, mammals

Accepted Answer

A algae,ferns,gymnos

Question 12

Briefly explain the iron-sulfur world hypothesis and identify two pieces of evidence that support this hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The iron sulfide hypothesis states that

Question 13

Provide at least two types of evidence that support the hypothesis of endosymbiosis.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Chloropl

Question 14

Clay is considered a possible site for early polymerization because it binds organic monomers and contains zinc and iron ions that may have functioned as ATP . 
______________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Why is there very little physical evidence of life from rocks of the Archaean eon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those rocks have been deeply buried in most parts of the world. 
B)  Those rocks occupy inaccessible areas of mountainous regions. 
C)  Those rocks have been greatly eroded in most parts of the world. 
D)  Those rocks occupy the polar regions and are thus covered by glaciers. 
E)  Those rocks have been deposited in oceanic trenches deep in the oceans. 
A)  Those rocks have been deeply buried in most parts of the world. 
B)  Those rocks occupy inaccessible areas of mountainous regions. 
C)  Those rocks have been greatly eroded in most parts of the world. 
D)  Those rocks occupy the polar regions and are thus covered by glaciers. 
E)  Those rocks have been deposited in oceanic trenches deep in the oceans.

Question 16

Figure 21-1   The theory illustrated by the accompanying figure is used to explain the origin of which organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobes 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  prokaryotes 
D)  protobionts 
E)  vascular plants 
A)  anaerobes 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  prokaryotes 
D)  protobionts 
E)  vascular plants

Question 17

Evidence shows that the earliest life may have existed how long ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 billion years ago 
B)  3.5 billion years ago 
C)  1.3 billion years ago 
D)  630 million years ago 
E)  250 million years ago 
A)  2 billion years ago 
B)  3.5 billion years ago 
C)  1.3 billion years ago 
D)  630 million years ago 
E)  250 million years ago

Question 18

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA and translational components.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which time period would hold the record of the oldest fossils of multicellular animals, found in mountainous areas of South Australia, and parts of Canada and China?

Accepted Answer

A)  Edicarian 
B)  Devonian 
C)  Cambrian 
D)  Cretaceous 
E)  Ordovician 
A)  Edicarian 
B)  Devonian 
C)  Cambrian 
D)  Cretaceous 
E)  Ordovician

Question 20

Which statement about dinosaurs is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some species lived in social groups and hunted in packs. 
B)  Dinosaurs were all slow-moving, with relatively low metabolic rates. 
C)  Fossils of dinosaurs with feathers suggest that feathers first evolved to provide insulation. 
D)  Dinosaur social behaviors include courtship rituals and parental nurturing of the young. 
E)  Dinosaurs underwent an extensive radiation throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. 
A)  Some species lived in social groups and hunted in packs. 
B)  Dinosaurs were all slow-moving, with relatively low metabolic rates. 
C)  Fossils of dinosaurs with feathers suggest that feathers first evolved to provide insulation. 
D)  Dinosaur social behaviors include courtship rituals and parental nurturing of the young. 
E)  Dinosaurs underwent an extensive radiation throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

Exam 21: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

What feature of a dinosaur determines whether it is a saurischian or an ornithischian dinosaur?

Which type of organisms were likely the first land animals?

Fossil stromatolites are evidence that cells exited 3.5 million years ago. _____________

The first photosynthetic organisms to obtain hydrogen by splitting water were the cyanobacteria . ______________

Why is it believed that RNA was the first informational molecule to evolve?

One of the most significant steps in the evolution of true cells from macromolecular assemblages was the evolution of:

The first cells were autotrophs,

What was the purpose of the spark chamber in this experimental apparatus?

A significant reduction in the amount of which gas would allow more ultraviolet radiation to reach Earth's surface?

Which time period of Earth represents when evolution was progressing at the most rapid rate, as evidenced by fossils such as those of the Burgess Shale?

Place the following organisms in order of appearance in the fossil record, beginning with the earliest. A. ferns, algae, flowering plants, gymnosperms B. amphibians, reptiles, fish, mammals

Briefly explain the iron-sulfur world hypothesis and identify two pieces of evidence that support this hypothesis.

Provide at least two types of evidence that support the hypothesis of endosymbiosis.

Clay is considered a possible site for early polymerization because it binds organic monomers and contains zinc and iron ions that may have functioned as ATP . ______________

Why is there very little physical evidence of life from rocks of the Archaean eon?

Figure 21-1 The theory illustrated by the accompanying figure is used to explain the origin of which organisms?

Evidence shows that the earliest life may have existed how long ago?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA and translational components.

Which time period would hold the record of the oldest fossils of multicellular animals, found in mountainous areas of South Australia, and parts of Canada and China?

Which statement about dinosaurs is FALSE?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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