Question 1

The function of the chorion is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  absorb shock. 
B)  form blood cells. 
C)  provide nourishment. 
D)  permit freedom of movement. 
E)  permit gas exchange. 
A)  absorb shock. 
B)  form blood cells. 
C)  provide nourishment. 
D)  permit freedom of movement. 
E)  permit gas exchange.

Question 2

Which statement about a blastodisc is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can be further divided into an upper epiblast and below that, the hypoblast. 
B)  It results from meroblastic cleavage. 
C)  It is found in isolecithal eggs. 
D)  It is a small disc of cytoplasm at the animal pole. 
E)  It is characteristic of cell division in bird eggs. 
A)  It can be further divided into an upper epiblast and below that, the hypoblast. 
B)  It results from meroblastic cleavage. 
C)  It is found in isolecithal eggs. 
D)  It is a small disc of cytoplasm at the animal pole. 
E)  It is characteristic of cell division in bird eggs.

Question 3

Inside the zona pellucida is a layer of granulosa cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Figure 51-3   Refer to the accompanying figure. The chorion is identified by number:

Accepted Answer

A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  3. 
D)  4. 
E)  5. 
A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  3. 
D)  4. 
E)  5.

Question 5

Figure 51-1   What type of cleavage pattern is represented in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  holoblastic and radial 
B)  holoblastic and spiral 
C)  meroblastic and radial 
D)  meroblastic and spiral 
E)  holoblastic and mosaic 
A)  holoblastic and radial 
B)  holoblastic and spiral 
C)  meroblastic and radial 
D)  meroblastic and spiral 
E)  holoblastic and mosaic

Question 6

Figure 51-4 .   Refer to the accompanying figure. Which structure gives rise to the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  8 
E)  9 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  8 
E)  9

Question 7

The eggs of birds and reptiles are telolecithal .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The trophoblast secretes ____, which signals the corpus luteum that pregnancy has begun.

Accepted Answer

A)  estrogen 
B)  a gray crescent 
C)  progesterone 
D)  hCG 
E)  an enzyme 
A)  estrogen 
B)  a gray crescent 
C)  progesterone 
D)  hCG 
E)  an enzyme

Question 9

Which of the following occurs during gastrulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of the gray crescent region 
B)  formation of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm 
C)  closure of the archenteron 
D)  formation of the blastocoel 
E)  radial cleavage takes place 
A)  formation of the gray crescent region 
B)  formation of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm 
C)  closure of the archenteron 
D)  formation of the blastocoel 
E)  radial cleavage takes place

Question 10

During an acrosome reaction, the acrosome:

Accepted Answer

A)  detaches, allowing the sperm to penetrate the egg. 
B)  releases enzymes that digest the outer layer of the egg. 
C)  secretes calcium ions, which cause the sperm to fuse with the egg. 
D)  releases bindin, which causes the sperm to bind to the egg. 
E)  secretes a chemical that attracts the egg to the sperm. 
A)  detaches, allowing the sperm to penetrate the egg. 
B)  releases enzymes that digest the outer layer of the egg. 
C)  secretes calcium ions, which cause the sperm to fuse with the egg. 
D)  releases bindin, which causes the sperm to bind to the egg. 
E)  secretes a chemical that attracts the egg to the sperm.

Question 11

A human embryo is capable of movement and has gonads that are distinguishable as either testes or ovaries by the end of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  second week. 
B)  fourth week. 
C)  sixth week. 
D)  eighth week. 
E)  first trimester. 
A)  second week. 
B)  fourth week. 
C)  sixth week. 
D)  eighth week. 
E)  first trimester.

Question 12

Dizygotic twins are also called fraternal twins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What is cellular aging and what causes its occurrence?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: In cellular aging,

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: in humans, the embryo implants in the uterus when in this stage
contains an archenteron
produced by the process of invagination
the formation of a blastopore begins this stage
the neural tube forms during this stage
the first stage of embryonic development
a hollow ball of cells with a fluid filled cavity
the formation of a primitive groove begins this stage
a solid ball of blastomeres
in mammals, this is called a blastocyst
many instances of induction occur during this stage
the neural crest arises during this stage
a three-layered embryo
the first stage to contain a blastocoel

Accepted Answer

The Answer of blastula and stage of organogenesis and gastrula is...

Question 15

The first breath of the neonate is initiated by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  passage through the birth canal. 
B)  removal of amniotic fluid from its mouth. 
C)  accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
D)  detection of light by its visual receptors. 
E)  increase in oxygen concentration in the lungs. 
A)  passage through the birth canal. 
B)  removal of amniotic fluid from its mouth. 
C)  accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
D)  detection of light by its visual receptors. 
E)  increase in oxygen concentration in the lungs.

Question 16

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

Accepted Answer

A)  heroin − premature births and low birth weight 
B)  thalidomide − babies born without toes 
C)  accutane − associated with malformations of the brain 
D)  cocaine − constricts fetal arteries, which leads to retarded development 
E)  cigarette smoking − an addiction to nicotine 
A)  heroin − premature births and low birth weight 
B)  thalidomide − babies born without toes 
C)  accutane − associated with malformations of the brain 
D)  cocaine − constricts fetal arteries, which leads to retarded development 
E)  cigarette smoking − an addiction to nicotine

Question 17

Following cleavage of the zygote, which of the following is the first to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  blastula 
B)  gastrula 
C)  neural crest 
D)  morula 
E)  primitive streak 
A)  blastula 
B)  gastrula 
C)  neural crest 
D)  morula 
E)  primitive streak

Question 18

Figure 51-4 .   Refer to the accompanying figure. Which structure is from a different germ layer than the rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  7 
E)  8 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  7 
E)  8

Question 19

Relate nuclear equivalence and differential gene expression.

Accepted Answer

In nuclear equivalence no genetic change

Question 20

The gray crescent region of the amphibian zygote is thought to contain:

Accepted Answer

A)  growth factors and developmental determinants. 
B)  hormones and ribosomes. 
C)  yolk and dark pigment granules. 
D)  mitochondria and ribosomes. 
E)  neurotransmitters and hormones. 
A)  growth factors and developmental determinants. 
B)  hormones and ribosomes. 
C)  yolk and dark pigment granules. 
D)  mitochondria and ribosomes. 
E)  neurotransmitters and hormones.

Exam 51: Animal Development

The function of the chorion is to:

Which statement about a blastodisc is FALSE?

Inside the zona pellucida is a layer of granulosa cells.

Figure 51-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. The chorion is identified by number:

Figure 51-1 What type of cleavage pattern is represented in the accompanying figure?

Figure 51-4 . Refer to the accompanying figure. Which structure gives rise to the spinal cord?

The eggs of birds and reptiles are telolecithal .

The trophoblast secretes ____, which signals the corpus luteum that pregnancy has begun.

Which of the following occurs during gastrulation?

During an acrosome reaction, the acrosome:

A human embryo is capable of movement and has gonads that are distinguishable as either testes or ovaries by the end of the:

Dizygotic twins are also called fraternal twins.

What is cellular aging and what causes its occurrence?

The first breath of the neonate is initiated by the:

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

Following cleavage of the zygote, which of the following is the first to occur?

Figure 51-4 . Refer to the accompanying figure. Which structure is from a different germ layer than the rest?

Relate nuclear equivalence and differential gene expression.

The gray crescent region of the amphibian zygote is thought to contain:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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