Question 1

In the firefly, light is emitted when

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP combines with luciferin, forming luciferyl-AMP. 
B)  released nitric oxide blocks the mitochondria's use of oxygen. 
C)  the electron-excited product of O2 and luciferyl-AMP returns to its ground state. 
D)  luciferase is activated by oxygen. 
A)  ATP combines with luciferin, forming luciferyl-AMP. 
B)  released nitric oxide blocks the mitochondria's use of oxygen. 
C)  the electron-excited product of O2 and luciferyl-AMP returns to its ground state. 
D)  luciferase is activated by oxygen.

Question 2

Describe three of the subdisciplines of animal physiology.

Accepted Answer

Mechanistic physiology emphasizes the st

Question 3

Using the firefly as an example, explain physiology's two central questions-mechanism and origin.

Accepted Answer

The firefly emits a flash of light from

Question 4

How is the light reaction in the firefly inhibited?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondria prevent oxygen from reacting with luciferyl-AMP. 
B)  Nitric oxide combines with oxygen to prevent reaction with luciferyl-AMP. 
C)  ATP is prevented from combining with luciferin. 
D)  Luciferase is prevented from catalyzing the reaction. 
A)  Mitochondria prevent oxygen from reacting with luciferyl-AMP. 
B)  Nitric oxide combines with oxygen to prevent reaction with luciferyl-AMP. 
C)  ATP is prevented from combining with luciferin. 
D)  Luciferase is prevented from catalyzing the reaction.

Question 5

Refer to the figure shown.
  If the heat exposure were removed, the line in the diagram would

Accepted Answer

A)  continue to show a plateau. 
B)  drop sharply. 
C)  gradually drop to its initial starting point. 
D)  drop but be maintained somewhere at the middle level. 
A)  continue to show a plateau. 
B)  drop sharply. 
C)  gradually drop to its initial starting point. 
D)  drop but be maintained somewhere at the middle level.

Question 6

In the study of physiology, the term "_______" refers to the components of living animals and the interactions among those components that enable animals to perform as they do.

Accepted Answer

A)  feedback 
B)  regulation 
C)  natural selection 
D)  mechanism 
A)  feedback 
B)  regulation 
C)  natural selection 
D)  mechanism

Question 7

Which conclusion was not made from the seminal 1979 paper by Gould and Lewontin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural selection in the present environment is just one of several processes by which a species may come to exhibit a trait. 
B)  When physiologists refer to a trait as an adaptation, they are making a hypothesis that natural selection has occurred. 
C)  Data must be gathered in order to assess whether adaptation is likely to have occurred. 
D)  Indirect evidence cannot be used to support the hypothesis of adaptation. 
A)  Natural selection in the present environment is just one of several processes by which a species may come to exhibit a trait. 
B)  When physiologists refer to a trait as an adaptation, they are making a hypothesis that natural selection has occurred. 
C)  Data must be gathered in order to assess whether adaptation is likely to have occurred. 
D)  Indirect evidence cannot be used to support the hypothesis of adaptation.

Question 8

Which process most likely leads to adaptive evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural selection 
B)  Genetic drift 
C)  Bottlenecks 
D)  Pleiotropy 
A)  Natural selection 
B)  Genetic drift 
C)  Bottlenecks 
D)  Pleiotropy

Question 9

Which response is the longest lasting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute response 
B)  Chronic response 
C)  Evolutionary response 
D)  Developmental response 
A)  Acute response 
B)  Chronic response 
C)  Evolutionary response 
D)  Developmental response

Question 10

During childbirth, muscular contractions acting to expel the fetus from the uterus induce hormonal signals that induce even more intense contractions. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis. 
B)  negative feedback. 
C)  a set point. 
D)  positive feedback. 
A)  homeostasis. 
B)  negative feedback. 
C)  a set point. 
D)  positive feedback.

Question 11

Refer to the figure shown.
  What is the best caption for this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Variation in O2 consumption. 
B)  Individual variation in maximum rate of O2 consumption. 
C)  Mean maximum rate of O2 consumption. 
D)  Range of maximum rate of O2 consumption. 
A)  Variation in O2 consumption. 
B)  Individual variation in maximum rate of O2 consumption. 
C)  Mean maximum rate of O2 consumption. 
D)  Range of maximum rate of O2 consumption.

Question 12

Refer to the figure shown.
  The data in the graph would be relevant to which subdiscipline of physiology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolution 
B)  Cell physiology 
C)  Morphology 
D)  Ecology 
A)  Evolution 
B)  Cell physiology 
C)  Morphology 
D)  Ecology

Question 13

Compare and contrast conformity and regulation, including the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Accepted Answer

Conformity and regulation are responses

Question 14

Physiological changes that occur by alteration of gene frequencies over the course of many generations are referred to as _______ changes.

Accepted Answer

A)  acute 
B)  chronic 
C)  evolutionary 
D)  developmental 
A)  acute 
B)  chronic 
C)  evolutionary 
D)  developmental

Question 15

A physiological mechanism or other trait that is a product of evolution and is advantageous is called

Accepted Answer

A)  an adaptation. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  adaptive significance. 
D)  evolution. 
A)  an adaptation. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  adaptive significance. 
D)  evolution.

Question 16

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which species in the figure shows an actual gestation period that is furthest from its expected gestation period?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bushbuck 
B)  Dikdik 
C)  Warthog 
D)  Mountain zebra 
A)  Bushbuck 
B)  Dikdik 
C)  Warthog 
D)  Mountain zebra

Question 17

Explain the statement: "A trait is not an adaptation merely because it exists."

Accepted Answer

Not all traits are evolutionary adaptati

Question 18

Which animal osmotically gains the most water per gram on a daily basis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sea star 
B)  Goldfish 
C)  Coral 
D)  Reef fish 
A)  Sea star 
B)  Goldfish 
C)  Coral 
D)  Reef fish

Question 19

To understand how a fish propels itself by applying forces to the water, physiologists would study its

Accepted Answer

A)  biomechanics. 
B)  evolution. 
C)  ecology. 
D)  cell physiology. 
A)  biomechanics. 
B)  evolution. 
C)  ecology. 
D)  cell physiology.

Question 20

Refer to the figure shown.
  This figure shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of butterfly species increases as one moves toward the equator. 
B)  butterfly populations are larger near the equator than at any other latitude. 
C)  the number of butterfly species increases as latitude increases. 
D)  the butterfly population increases as latitude increases. 
A)  the number of butterfly species increases as one moves toward the equator. 
B)  butterfly populations are larger near the equator than at any other latitude. 
C)  the number of butterfly species increases as latitude increases. 
D)  the butterfly population increases as latitude increases.

Exam 1: Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

In the firefly, light is emitted when

Describe three of the subdisciplines of animal physiology.

Using the firefly as an example, explain physiology's two central questions-mechanism and origin.

How is the light reaction in the firefly inhibited?

Refer to the figure shown. If the heat exposure were removed, the line in the diagram would

In the study of physiology, the term "_______" refers to the components of living animals and the interactions among those components that enable animals to perform as they do.

Which conclusion was not made from the seminal 1979 paper by Gould and Lewontin?

Which process most likely leads to adaptive evolution?

Which response is the longest lasting?

During childbirth, muscular contractions acting to expel the fetus from the uterus induce hormonal signals that induce even more intense contractions. This is an example of

Refer to the figure shown. What is the best caption for this figure?

Refer to the figure shown. The data in the graph would be relevant to which subdiscipline of physiology?

Compare and contrast conformity and regulation, including the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Physiological changes that occur by alteration of gene frequencies over the course of many generations are referred to as _______ changes.

A physiological mechanism or other trait that is a product of evolution and is advantageous is called

Refer to the figure shown. Which species in the figure shows an actual gestation period that is furthest from its expected gestation period?

Explain the statement: "A trait is not an adaptation merely because it exists."

Which animal osmotically gains the most water per gram on a daily basis?

To understand how a fish propels itself by applying forces to the water, physiologists would study its

Refer to the figure shown. This figure shows that

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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