Question 1

Which is generally found in both LTD and LTP?

Accepted Answer

A)  A dependence on NMDA receptors. 
B)  A dependence on postsynaptic concentration of calcium. 
C)  A dependence on mGLuR. 
D)  A dependence on glycine binding. 
E)  A dependence on GABA binding. 
A)  A dependence on NMDA receptors. 
B)  A dependence on postsynaptic concentration of calcium. 
C)  A dependence on mGLuR. 
D)  A dependence on glycine binding. 
E)  A dependence on GABA binding.

Question 2

Describe some of the key advantages to using the hippocampus to study long-term potentiation.

Accepted Answer

Orderly arrangement of cells and input p

Question 3

The Hebbian rule states that

Accepted Answer

A)  increases in synaptic strength should occur only when the postsynaptic element is repetitively stimulated. 
B)  increases in synaptic strength should occur when the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements are coactive. 
C)  decreases in synaptic strength should occur when the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements are coactive. 
D)  increases in synaptic strength should occur only when the presynaptic element is repetitively stimulated. 
E)  increases in synaptic strength should occur when the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements are not coactive. 
A)  increases in synaptic strength should occur only when the postsynaptic element is repetitively stimulated. 
B)  increases in synaptic strength should occur when the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements are coactive. 
C)  decreases in synaptic strength should occur when the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements are coactive. 
D)  increases in synaptic strength should occur only when the presynaptic element is repetitively stimulated. 
E)  increases in synaptic strength should occur when the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements are not coactive.

Question 4

Which describes a decreased amplitude postsynaptic response that lasts for hours?

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitation 
B)  Depression 
C)  Post-tetanic potentiation 
D)  Long-term potentiation 
E)  Long-term depression 
A)  Facilitation 
B)  Depression 
C)  Post-tetanic potentiation 
D)  Long-term potentiation 
E)  Long-term depression

Question 5

NMDA channels are unusual in that at resting membrane potential they are blocked by

Accepted Answer

A)  gate inactivation. 
B)  gate closure. 
C)  magnesium ion blocking the channel from the extracellular side. 
D)  cesium ion blocking the channel. 
E)  glycine. 
A)  gate inactivation. 
B)  gate closure. 
C)  magnesium ion blocking the channel from the extracellular side. 
D)  cesium ion blocking the channel. 
E)  glycine.

Question 6

Parallel fibers in the cerebellum use which type of receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  mGluR and AMPA R 
B)  mGluR and NMDA R 
C)  NMDA only 
D)  NMDA and AMPA R 
E)  Glycine 
A)  mGluR and AMPA R 
B)  mGluR and NMDA R 
C)  NMDA only 
D)  NMDA and AMPA R 
E)  Glycine

Question 7

What appears to be the best explanation presently, given what we know, as to why calcium accumulation produces LTP in some circumstances and LTD in other circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A large increase in

Question 8

Which best describes long-term potentiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A persistent decrease in synaptic efficacy that lasts hours 
B)  A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy that lasts seconds 
C)  A persistent decrease in synaptic efficacy that lasts seconds 
D)  A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy that lasts hours 
E)  A change in the number of synaptic vesicles available for release 
A)  A persistent decrease in synaptic efficacy that lasts hours 
B)  A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy that lasts seconds 
C)  A persistent decrease in synaptic efficacy that lasts seconds 
D)  A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy that lasts hours 
E)  A change in the number of synaptic vesicles available for release

Question 9

How does calcium enter the postsynaptic area in regard to the expression of LTP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltage gated calcium channels 
B)  Calcium leak channels 
C)  AMPA receptor channels 
D)  GABA receptor channels 
E)  Via the NMDA receptor channel 
A)  Voltage gated calcium channels 
B)  Calcium leak channels 
C)  AMPA receptor channels 
D)  GABA receptor channels 
E)  Via the NMDA receptor channel

Question 10

Which describes an increased amplitude postsynaptic response that lasts for hours?

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitation 
B)  Depression 
C)  Post-tetanic potentiation 
D)  Long-term potentiation 
E)  Long-term depression 
A)  Facilitation 
B)  Depression 
C)  Post-tetanic potentiation 
D)  Long-term potentiation 
E)  Long-term depression

Question 11

You find that during a train of pulses there is an initial increase in amplitude but there is no increase in amplitude after the second response and later with a test pulse the response is smaller in amplitude. How can you best explain this response?

Accepted Answer

Facilitation and depression ca

Question 12

Which best describes the term used when coordinated low frequency pulses delivered at two presynaptic areas give rise to depression at one of the synapses, but no response at other synapses nearby?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homosynaptic LTD 
B)  Heterosynaptic LTD 
C)  Associative LTD 
D)  Cerebellar LTD 
E)  Presynaptic LTP 
A)  Homosynaptic LTD 
B)  Heterosynaptic LTD 
C)  Associative LTD 
D)  Cerebellar LTD 
E)  Presynaptic LTP

Question 13

Following a high frequency train of pulses delivered at the presynaptic area of
hippocampal cultured cells you find that there is an increase in mean EPSP amplitude and a decrease in synaptic failures compared to control values when no high frequency train of pulses was delivered. What would you conclude in terms of the site of the mechanism for the change?

Accepted Answer

Changes could be located at the presynap

Question 14

Which best describes the term used when low frequency pulses delivered at the presynaptic area give rise to a response of depression at that synapse but no other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homosynaptic LTD 
B)  Heterosynaptic LTD 
C)  Associative LTD 
D)  Cerebellar LTD 
E)  Presynaptic LTP 
A)  Homosynaptic LTD 
B)  Heterosynaptic LTD 
C)  Associative LTD 
D)  Cerebellar LTD 
E)  Presynaptic LTP

Question 15

Which occurs at the first few postnatal days of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Very few AMPA receptors are found on the postsynaptic element. 
B)  Very few NMDA receptors are found on the postsynaptic element. 
C)  Synapses have equal numbers of AMPA and NMDA receptors. 
D)  No NMDA or AMPA receptors are found. 
E)  No silent synapses are found. 
A)  Very few AMPA receptors are found on the postsynaptic element. 
B)  Very few NMDA receptors are found on the postsynaptic element. 
C)  Synapses have equal numbers of AMPA and NMDA receptors. 
D)  No NMDA or AMPA receptors are found. 
E)  No silent synapses are found.

Question 16

Which is not a similarity between spatial learning and LTP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are blocked by antagonists of NMDA R. 
B)  Both are blocked by antagonists of mGlu R. 
C)  Both are blocked by inhibitors of CaMKII. 
D)  Both can be enhanced by activation of NMDA R. 
E)  Both are enhanced if GABA agonists are released. 
A)  Both are blocked by antagonists of NMDA R. 
B)  Both are blocked by antagonists of mGlu R. 
C)  Both are blocked by inhibitors of CaMKII. 
D)  Both can be enhanced by activation of NMDA R. 
E)  Both are enhanced if GABA agonists are released.

Question 17

What evidence has shown support for presynaptic LTP from recordings of rat hippocampal slice?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decrease in mean current (EPS
C)  recorded from postsynaptic located electrode following conditioning train of pulses given 
B)  The mean current of quantum increased following conditioning train of pulses given 
C)  A decrease in the number of failures following conditioning train of pulses given 
D)  The mean current of quantum decreased following conditioning train of pulses given 
E)  No postsynaptic responses recorded following conditioning train of pulses given 
A)  A decrease in mean current (EPS
C)  recorded from postsynaptic located electrode following conditioning train of pulses given 
B)  The mean current of quantum increased following conditioning train of pulses given 
C)  A decrease in the number of failures following conditioning train of pulses given 
D)  The mean current of quantum decreased following conditioning train of pulses given 
E)  No postsynaptic responses recorded following conditioning train of pulses given

Question 18

Which describes an increased amplitude postsynaptic response that lasts for milliseconds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitation 
B)  Depression 
C)  Post-tetanic potentiation 
D)  Long-term potentiation 
E)  Long-term depression 
A)  Facilitation 
B)  Depression 
C)  Post-tetanic potentiation 
D)  Long-term potentiation 
E)  Long-term depression

Question 19

Which is likely a consequence of increased calcium influx through individual calcium channels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Depression 
B)  Facilitation 
C)  PTP 
D)  LTP 
E)  LTD 
A)  Depression 
B)  Facilitation 
C)  PTP 
D)  LTP 
E)  LTD

Question 20

Describe an experiment that would show the existence of associative LTP.

Accepted Answer

Stimulate site II only, then tetanic sti

Exam 16: Synaptic Plasticity

Which is generally found in both LTD and LTP?

Describe some of the key advantages to using the hippocampus to study long-term potentiation.

The Hebbian rule states that

Which describes a decreased amplitude postsynaptic response that lasts for hours?

NMDA channels are unusual in that at resting membrane potential they are blocked by

Parallel fibers in the cerebellum use which type of receptors?

What appears to be the best explanation presently, given what we know, as to why calcium accumulation produces LTP in some circumstances and LTD in other circumstances?

Which best describes long-term potentiation?

How does calcium enter the postsynaptic area in regard to the expression of LTP?

Which describes an increased amplitude postsynaptic response that lasts for hours?

You find that during a train of pulses there is an initial increase in amplitude but there is no increase in amplitude after the second response and later with a test pulse the response is smaller in amplitude. How can you best explain this response?

Which best describes the term used when coordinated low frequency pulses delivered at two presynaptic areas give rise to depression at one of the synapses, but no response at other synapses nearby?

Which best describes the term used when low frequency pulses delivered at the presynaptic area give rise to a response of depression at that synapse but no other?

Which occurs at the first few postnatal days of development?

Which is not a similarity between spatial learning and LTP?

What evidence has shown support for presynaptic LTP from recordings of rat hippocampal slice?

Which describes an increased amplitude postsynaptic response that lasts for milliseconds?

Which is likely a consequence of increased calcium influx through individual calcium channels?

Describe an experiment that would show the existence of associative LTP.

Principles of Signaling and Organization

Signaling in the Visual System

Functional Architecture of the Visual Cortex

Ion Channels and Signaling

Structure of Ion Channels

Ionic Basis of the Resting Potential

Ionic Basis of the Action Potential

Electrical Signaling in Neurons

Ion Transport Across Cell Membranes

Properties and Functions of Neuroglial Cells

Mechanisms of Direct Synaptic Transmission

Indirect Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission

Release of Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters in the Central Nervous System

Transmitter Synthesis, Storage, Transport, and Inactivation

The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Synaptic Plasticity

Mechanisms of Extrasynaptic Communication

Autonomic Nervous System

Walking, Flying, and Swimming: Cellular Mechanisms of Sensorimotor Behavior in Invertebrates

Sensory Transduction

Transduction and Transmission in the Retina

Touch, Pain, and Texture Sensation

Auditory and Vestibular Sensation

Constructing Perception

Initiation and Control of Coordinated Muscular Movements

Development of the Nervous System

Critical Periods in Sensory Systems

Regeneration and Repair of Synaptic Connections After Injury

Appendix

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