Question 1

Hubel and Wiesl proposed a "hypercolumn" in V1 as a unit that contains

Accepted Answer

A)  all of the blobs that are connected to each other. 
B)  cortico-cortical connections between the two hemispheres. 
C)  all of the orientation columns for a single eye. 
D)  all of the thick, thin, and pale stripes for a particular region of the visual field. 
E)  all orientation columns, blobs, and ocular dominance columns for a particular region of the visual field 
A)  all of the blobs that are connected to each other. 
B)  cortico-cortical connections between the two hemispheres. 
C)  all of the orientation columns for a single eye. 
D)  all of the thick, thin, and pale stripes for a particular region of the visual field. 
E)  all orientation columns, blobs, and ocular dominance columns for a particular region of the visual field

Question 2

Briefly, describe how blobs and interblobs in V1 connect with stripes in V2.

Accepted Answer

Blobs in V1 send projections t

Question 3

Small cells that lie in a distinctive zone of the lateral geniculate nucleus are called

Accepted Answer

A)  magnocellular. 
B)  parvocellular. 
C)  ovocellular. 
D)  koniocellular. 
E)  leucocellular. 
A)  magnocellular. 
B)  parvocellular. 
C)  ovocellular. 
D)  koniocellular. 
E)  leucocellular.

Question 4

Describe how Hubel and Wiesel envisioned the arrangement of hypercolumns in V1.

Accepted Answer

Within a cube of cortical tissue (resemb

Question 5

Two types of principal cells found in the primary visual cortex are stellate cells and

Accepted Answer

A)  interneurons. 
B)  mitral cells. 
C)  pyramidal cells. 
D)  ganglion cells. 
E)  multipolar cells. 
A)  interneurons. 
B)  mitral cells. 
C)  pyramidal cells. 
D)  ganglion cells. 
E)  multipolar cells.

Question 6

The _______ cells from the lateral geniculate nucleus project to the interblobs.

Accepted Answer

A)  magnocellular 
B)  complex 
C)  koniocellular 
D)  x-cells 
E)  parvocellular 
A)  magnocellular 
B)  complex 
C)  koniocellular 
D)  x-cells 
E)  parvocellular

Question 7

Magnocellular pathway information is important for processing _______ information in V2.

Accepted Answer

A)  color 
B)  form 
C)  orientation 
D)  motion 
E)  contrast 
A)  color 
B)  form 
C)  orientation 
D)  motion 
E)  contrast

Question 8

Shining a bar of light that is tilted by 45° will activate a cell, but it will not be activated by the same light at 0°. This cell is found to be

Accepted Answer

A)  directionally selective. 
B)  contrast sensitive. 
C)  left-eye dominant. 
D)  orientation selective. 
E)  motion sensitive. 
A)  directionally selective. 
B)  contrast sensitive. 
C)  left-eye dominant. 
D)  orientation selective. 
E)  motion sensitive.

Question 9

What are the two types of principal cells in the primary visual cortex? How do they differ

Accepted Answer

The first are stellate cells, which have

Question 10

If you record visual responses from a column of cells in the occipital pole of the V1 along the calcarine fissure, where would you expect to find the receptive fields?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lower peripheral field 
B)  Upper peripheral field 
C)  Fovea 
D)  Lower midline visual field 
E)  Upper midline visual field 
A)  Lower peripheral field 
B)  Upper peripheral field 
C)  Fovea 
D)  Lower midline visual field 
E)  Upper midline visual field

Question 11

Cells in V2 that receive information from blobs tend to have projections to which structure in V1?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blobs 
B)  Interblobs 
C)  Thin stripes 
D)  Thick stripes 
E)  Pale stripes 
A)  Blobs 
B)  Interblobs 
C)  Thin stripes 
D)  Thick stripes 
E)  Pale stripes

Question 12

What is the functional significance of the magnocellular input to visual cortex?

Accepted Answer

The Magnocellular pathways car

Question 13

Cells in layers 3 through 6 of the lateral geniculate nucleus have _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a large receptive field 
B)  sensitivity to blue light 
C)  small receptive field 
D)  sensitivity to contrast 
E)  sensitivity to movement 
A)  a large receptive field 
B)  sensitivity to blue light 
C)  small receptive field 
D)  sensitivity to contrast 
E)  sensitivity to movement

Question 14

What is meant by an "orientation column?" Describe the arrangement of orientation columns found in primary visual cortex.

Accepted Answer

An orientation column is a column of cel

Question 15

Describe the progression of the magnocellular pathway at each stage from the retina to the association areas of visual cortex.

Accepted Answer

Cells in the Magnocellular pathway proje

Question 16

Which of the following is true of the axons of stellate cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They travel across the corpus callosum. 
B)  They descend into the white matter. 
C)  They terminate in the vicinity of the cell. 
D)  They connect the two hemispheres. 
E)  They contain spines. 
A)  They travel across the corpus callosum. 
B)  They descend into the white matter. 
C)  They terminate in the vicinity of the cell. 
D)  They connect the two hemispheres. 
E)  They contain spines.

Question 17

When compared to ocular dominance columns, how are orientation columns arranged across the cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  The center of orientation columns are found at the borders of ocular dominance columns. 
B)  Orientation columns do not cross the borders of ocular dominance columns. 
C)  The center of orientation columns are found within ocular dominance columns. 
D)  Orientation columns are completely separate from ocular dominance columns. 
E)  Orientation columns are only found in areas that have binocular input. 
A)  The center of orientation columns are found at the borders of ocular dominance columns. 
B)  Orientation columns do not cross the borders of ocular dominance columns. 
C)  The center of orientation columns are found within ocular dominance columns. 
D)  Orientation columns are completely separate from ocular dominance columns. 
E)  Orientation columns are only found in areas that have binocular input.

Question 18

The arrangement of cells relative to the surface of the brain suggests that computational units in primary visual cortex are shaped like

Accepted Answer

A)  columns. 
B)  checkers. 
C)  stripes. 
D)  circles. 
E)  pinwheels. 
A)  columns. 
B)  checkers. 
C)  stripes. 
D)  circles. 
E)  pinwheels.

Exam 3: Functional Architecture of the Visual Cortex

Hubel and Wiesl proposed a "hypercolumn" in V1 as a unit that contains

Briefly, describe how blobs and interblobs in V1 connect with stripes in V2.

Small cells that lie in a distinctive zone of the lateral geniculate nucleus are called

Describe how Hubel and Wiesel envisioned the arrangement of hypercolumns in V1.

Two types of principal cells found in the primary visual cortex are stellate cells and

The _______ cells from the lateral geniculate nucleus project to the interblobs.

Magnocellular pathway information is important for processing _______ information in V2.

Shining a bar of light that is tilted by 45° will activate a cell, but it will not be activated by the same light at 0°. This cell is found to be

What are the two types of principal cells in the primary visual cortex? How do they differ

If you record visual responses from a column of cells in the occipital pole of the V1 along the calcarine fissure, where would you expect to find the receptive fields?

Cells in V2 that receive information from blobs tend to have projections to which structure in V1?

What is the functional significance of the magnocellular input to visual cortex?

Cells in layers 3 through 6 of the lateral geniculate nucleus have _______.

What is meant by an "orientation column?" Describe the arrangement of orientation columns found in primary visual cortex.

Describe the progression of the magnocellular pathway at each stage from the retina to the association areas of visual cortex.

Which of the following is true of the axons of stellate cells?

When compared to ocular dominance columns, how are orientation columns arranged across the cortex?

The arrangement of cells relative to the surface of the brain suggests that computational units in primary visual cortex are shaped like

Principles of Signaling and Organization

Signaling in the Visual System

Ion Channels and Signaling

Structure of Ion Channels

Ionic Basis of the Resting Potential

Ionic Basis of the Action Potential

Electrical Signaling in Neurons

Ion Transport Across Cell Membranes

Properties and Functions of Neuroglial Cells

Mechanisms of Direct Synaptic Transmission

Indirect Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission

Release of Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters in the Central Nervous System

Transmitter Synthesis, Storage, Transport, and Inactivation

Synaptic Plasticity

The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Synaptic Plasticity

Mechanisms of Extrasynaptic Communication

Autonomic Nervous System

Walking, Flying, and Swimming: Cellular Mechanisms of Sensorimotor Behavior in Invertebrates

Sensory Transduction

Transduction and Transmission in the Retina

Touch, Pain, and Texture Sensation

Auditory and Vestibular Sensation

Constructing Perception

Initiation and Control of Coordinated Muscular Movements

Development of the Nervous System

Critical Periods in Sensory Systems

Regeneration and Repair of Synaptic Connections After Injury

Appendix

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