Question 1

Mackintosh's theory states that as excitatory or inhibitory conditioning proceeds, _______ also change(s) on a trial-by-trial basis.

Accepted Answer

A)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 and F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
A)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 and F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Question 2

A subject is most likely to link and rehearse associations in _______ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory 
B)  short-term 
C)  procedural 
D)  long-term 
A)  sensory 
B)  short-term 
C)  procedural 
D)  long-term

Question 3

You enjoy spending time with Bob, and you enjoy spending time with Dave, but Bob and Dave together aren't much fun at all. You maintain good relationships with each person individually, but quickly learn to avoid inviting them to your house at the same time. What kind of discrimination is evident here, , and how do learning models explain it?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of negative patternin

Question 4

Modern discussions of long-term memory use the term "_______" to refer to the associations between different memory representations.

Accepted Answer

A)  network 
B)  node 
C)  connection 
D)  prime 
A)  network 
B)  node 
C)  connection 
D)  prime

Question 5

According to Wagner's short-term memory theory of learning,

Accepted Answer

A)  the surprisingness of the CS is just as important as the surprisingness of the US. 
B)  attention has no role in learning. 
C)  unblocking cannot be a memory issue, because the large US would overwhelm short-term memory's limited capacity. 
D)  any learning is possible as long as it fits in memory. 
A)  the surprisingness of the CS is just as important as the surprisingness of the US. 
B)  attention has no role in learning. 
C)  unblocking cannot be a memory issue, because the large US would overwhelm short-term memory's limited capacity. 
D)  any learning is possible as long as it fits in memory.

Question 6

Tim associates his cousin Alice with a number of enjoyable activities, and therefore Tim expects to have fun around Alice. He also expects the same amount of fun when he spends time with his friends Vern and Ed together. One day his parents give him a choice: he can spend the day with Alice and one of her school friends (whom Tim has never met), or he can spend the day with Ed (without Vern). Which choice is Tim likely to make? How do you know?

Accepted Answer

Tim will choose to spend the day with Al

Question 7

Modern discussions of learning and conditioning use the term "_______" to refer to a memory representation that is activated by a stimulus presentation.

Accepted Answer

A)  network 
B)  node 
C)  connection 
D)  prime 
A)  network 
B)  node 
C)  connection 
D)  prime

Question 8

The Hall-Pearce negative transfer effect predicts that once a CS predicts a particular US well,

Accepted Answer

A)  the subject becomes less able to learn about the CS. 
B)  it becomes better able to signal other similar USs. 
C)  the US becomes less effective. 
D)  the US becomes more effective. 
A)  the subject becomes less able to learn about the CS. 
B)  it becomes better able to signal other similar USs. 
C)  the US becomes less effective. 
D)  the US becomes more effective.

Question 9

Which statement about the Rescorla-Wagner model's predictions is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction is the equivalent of unlearning, in that the associative strength of the extinguished CS returns to zero. 
B)  Spontaneous recovery cannot occur; that is, whenever a subject stops responding during extinction, there should be no subsequent spontaneous recovery. 
C)  Reacquisition of an extinguished excitatory association should occur at a faster rate and with fewer trials as compared to acquisition of the association during original conditioning. 
D)  Acquisition of inhibitory strength will occur at the same rate and with the same number of trials for an extinguished excitatory CS and a different neutral CS. 
A)  Extinction is the equivalent of unlearning, in that the associative strength of the extinguished CS returns to zero. 
B)  Spontaneous recovery cannot occur; that is, whenever a subject stops responding during extinction, there should be no subsequent spontaneous recovery. 
C)  Reacquisition of an extinguished excitatory association should occur at a faster rate and with fewer trials as compared to acquisition of the association during original conditioning. 
D)  Acquisition of inhibitory strength will occur at the same rate and with the same number of trials for an extinguished excitatory CS and a different neutral CS.

Question 10

A1 is to _______ as A2 is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  configural learning; elemental learning 
B)  lambda; ΣV 
C)  self-generated priming; retrieval-generated priming 
D)  sensory nodes; emotion nodes 
A)  configural learning; elemental learning 
B)  lambda; ΣV 
C)  self-generated priming; retrieval-generated priming 
D)  sensory nodes; emotion nodes

Question 11

Pearce's configural approach predicts that

Accepted Answer

A)  context determines the amount of configural conditioning that will occur. 
B)  as the number of stimuli presented with the US increases, configural conditioning becomes more likely. 
C)  as the percentage of common elements increases, discriminations become more difficult to learn (e.g., A+, AB- is easier than AC+, ABC-). 
D)  positive patterning is more likely to occur than negative patterning when appetitive US's are used. 
A)  context determines the amount of configural conditioning that will occur. 
B)  as the number of stimuli presented with the US increases, configural conditioning becomes more likely. 
C)  as the percentage of common elements increases, discriminations become more difficult to learn (e.g., A+, AB- is easier than AC+, ABC-). 
D)  positive patterning is more likely to occur than negative patterning when appetitive US's are used.

Question 12

The Rescorla-Wagner model predicts the blocking phenomenon because _______ on the compound conditioning trials.

Accepted Answer

A)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10V = F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 = F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 = F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 = F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
A)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10V = F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 = F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 = F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 = F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Question 13

Which constructs in Wagner's SOP are analogous to α and ß in the Rescorla-Wagner model?

Accepted Answer

In the Wagner model, salience

Question 14

T and L are strong inhibitors, with V = ‒0.9 each. They are then presented together with X (TLX), and the US does not occur. What would the Rescorla-Wagner model predict with regard to X? Show your calculations and the final VX to justify your answer (assuming αß = 0.2).

Accepted Answer

The model would predict that X will beco

Question 15

List two problems with the Rescorla-Wagner model with respect to what it predicts and what occurs.

Accepted Answer

The model predicts that latent inhibitio

Question 16

Why is theory development important to psychologists who study learning phenomena?

Accepted Answer

Theories of learning simplify and organi

Question 17

In Phase I of training, a flashing light is presented at random intervals to a subject in a black box. In Phase 2 of training, the flashing light is paired with food presentations. According to the priming model, we would expect to see _______ effects in Phase 2 due to _______-generated priming.

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking; self 
B)  latent inhibition; self 
C)  blocking; retrieval 
D)  latent inhibition; retrieval 
A)  blocking; self 
B)  latent inhibition; self 
C)  blocking; retrieval 
D)  latent inhibition; retrieval

Question 18

According to Wagner's short-term memory model, how might an unsignalled airport announcement interfere with you learning that most airport announcements are signaled by a ding-dong sound when signaled announcements are heard shortly after the unsignalled one?

Accepted Answer

The unsignaled announcement will prime t

Mackintosh's theory states that as excitatory or inhibitory conditioning proceeds, _______ also change(s) on a trial-by-trial basis.

A subject is most likely to link and rehearse associations in _______ memory.

Modern discussions of long-term memory use the term "_______" to refer to the associations between different memory representations.

According to Wagner's short-term memory theory of learning,

Modern discussions of learning and conditioning use the term "_______" to refer to a memory representation that is activated by a stimulus presentation.

The Hall-Pearce negative transfer effect predicts that once a CS predicts a particular US well,

Which statement about the Rescorla-Wagner model's predictions is false?

A1 is to _ as A2 is to _.

Pearce's configural approach predicts that

The Rescorla-Wagner model predicts the blocking phenomenon because _______ on the compound conditioning trials.

Which constructs in Wagner's SOP are analogous to α and ß in the Rescorla-Wagner model?

T and L are strong inhibitors, with V = ‒0.9 each. They are then presented together with X (TLX), and the US does not occur. What would the Rescorla-Wagner model predict with regard to X? Show your calculations and the final V_X to justify your answer (assuming αß = 0.2).

List two problems with the Rescorla-Wagner model with respect to what it predicts and what occurs.

Why is theory development important to psychologists who study learning phenomena?

In Phase I of training, a flashing light is presented at random intervals to a subject in a black box. In Phase 2 of training, the flashing light is paired with food presentations. According to the priming model, we would expect to see _ effects in Phase 2 due to _-generated priming.

According to Wagner's short-term memory model, how might an unsignalled airport announcement interfere with you learning that most airport announcements are signaled by a ding-dong sound when signaled announcements are heard shortly after the unsignalled one?

Learning Theory: What It Is and How It Got This Way

Learning and Adaptation

The Nuts and Bolts of Classical Conditioning

What Ever Happened to Behavior Anyway

Are the Laws of Conditioning General

Behavior and Its Consequences

How Stimuli Guide Instrumental Action

The Motivation of Instrumental Action

A Synthetic Perspective on Instrumental Action

Filters

Exam 4: Theories of Conditioning

Mackintosh's theory states that as excitatory or inhibitory conditioning proceeds, _______ also change(s) on a trial-by-trial basis.

A subject is most likely to link and rehearse associations in _______ memory.

Modern discussions of long-term memory use the term "_______" to refer to the associations between different memory representations.

According to Wagner's short-term memory theory of learning,

Modern discussions of learning and conditioning use the term "_______" to refer to a memory representation that is activated by a stimulus presentation.

The Hall-Pearce negative transfer effect predicts that once a CS predicts a particular US well,

Which statement about the Rescorla-Wagner model's predictions is false?

A1 is to _______ as A2 is to _______.

Pearce's configural approach predicts that

The Rescorla-Wagner model predicts the blocking phenomenon because _______ on the compound conditioning trials.

Which constructs in Wagner's SOP are analogous to α and ß in the Rescorla-Wagner model?

T and L are strong inhibitors, with V = ‒0.9 each. They are then presented together with X (TLX), and the US does not occur. What would the Rescorla-Wagner model predict with regard to X? Show your calculations and the final VX to justify your answer (assuming αß = 0.2).

List two problems with the Rescorla-Wagner model with respect to what it predicts and what occurs.

Why is theory development important to psychologists who study learning phenomena?

In Phase I of training, a flashing light is presented at random intervals to a subject in a black box. In Phase 2 of training, the flashing light is paired with food presentations. According to the priming model, we would expect to see _______ effects in Phase 2 due to _______-generated priming.

According to Wagner's short-term memory model, how might an unsignalled airport announcement interfere with you learning that most airport announcements are signaled by a ding-dong sound when signaled announcements are heard shortly after the unsignalled one?

Learning Theory: What It Is and How It Got This Way

Learning and Adaptation

The Nuts and Bolts of Classical Conditioning

What Ever Happened to Behavior Anyway

Are the Laws of Conditioning General

Behavior and Its Consequences

How Stimuli Guide Instrumental Action

The Motivation of Instrumental Action

A Synthetic Perspective on Instrumental Action

Filters

A1 is to _ as A2 is to _.

T and L are strong inhibitors, with V = ‒0.9 each. They are then presented together with X (TLX), and the US does not occur. What would the Rescorla-Wagner model predict with regard to X? Show your calculations and the final V_X to justify your answer (assuming αß = 0.2).

In Phase I of training, a flashing light is presented at random intervals to a subject in a black box. In Phase 2 of training, the flashing light is paired with food presentations. According to the priming model, we would expect to see _ effects in Phase 2 due to _-generated priming.