Question 1

Most labeling theorists would argue that certain acts are defined as status offenses because:

Accepted Answer

A)  juveniles lack the cognitive and moral development necessary to responsibly engage in such activities 
B)  parents need the support of the state in raising their children 
C)  such laws help both juveniles and parents to recognize the appropriate standards of behavior for young people 
D)  powerful groups in society are threatened by such behaviors or find these behaviors morally objectionable 
E)  all of the above 
A)  juveniles lack the cognitive and moral development necessary to responsibly engage in such activities 
B)  parents need the support of the state in raising their children 
C)  such laws help both juveniles and parents to recognize the appropriate standards of behavior for young people 
D)  powerful groups in society are threatened by such behaviors or find these behaviors morally objectionable 
E)  all of the above D

Question 2

Labeling theory:

Accepted Answer

A)  is of value because it influences practices of the juvenile justice system 
B)  is of little value for today's juvenile justice system because its popularity ended in the late 1960s 
C)  is of little value because it fails to explain why juveniles engage in delinquency 
D)  is of value because it explains why juveniles start a delinquent career 
A)  is of value because it influences practices of the juvenile justice system 
B)  is of little value for today's juvenile justice system because its popularity ended in the late 1960s 
C)  is of little value because it fails to explain why juveniles engage in delinquency 
D)  is of value because it explains why juveniles start a delinquent career A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the restorative justice approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  The offender helps develop a plan to repair the harm. 
B)  Sanctions such as incarceration are frequently used. 
C)  It appears to be less effective than traditional approaches to justice. 
D)  The offender must be proven guilty just as in a traditional court hearing. 
A)  The offender helps develop a plan to repair the harm. 
B)  Sanctions such as incarceration are frequently used. 
C)  It appears to be less effective than traditional approaches to justice. 
D)  The offender must be proven guilty just as in a traditional court hearing. D

Question 4

Use the major theories to explain why juveniles low in control are more likely to respond to the harsh/rejecting reaction with further delinquency.

Accepted Answer

There are several major theories that ca

Question 5

Mary hit Janice during lunch at school. School officials reacted to this act of delinquency by setting up a conference between Mary, Janice, their parents, and the school counselor to discuss the reason for the behavior and come to some agreement on what Mary can do to repair the harm. This type of response most closely resembles a ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  harsh/rejecting response 
B)  radical intervention 
C)  radical nonintervention 
D)  restorative justice approach 
A)  harsh/rejecting response 
B)  radical intervention 
C)  radical nonintervention 
D)  restorative justice approach

Question 6

Policies of radical nonintervention include:

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminating or decriminalizing status offenses 
B)  eliminating the juvenile justice system 
C)  eliminating or decriminalizing almost all delinquent acts 
D)  creating new programs for juveniles accused of committing status offenses or minor delinquent acts 
E)  all of the above 
A)  eliminating or decriminalizing status offenses 
B)  eliminating the juvenile justice system 
C)  eliminating or decriminalizing almost all delinquent acts 
D)  creating new programs for juveniles accused of committing status offenses or minor delinquent acts 
E)  all of the above

Question 7

Police who stop juveniles and have them engage in activities such as singing "Jingle Bells" tend to do so because they (the police):

Accepted Answer

A)  have a camaraderie with the juveniles in their community 
B)  are trying to improve their community relations in the neighborhoods they patrol 
C)  want youths to engage in "clean" fun 
D)  view these juveniles as bad or dangerous people 
A)  have a camaraderie with the juveniles in their community 
B)  are trying to improve their community relations in the neighborhoods they patrol 
C)  want youths to engage in "clean" fun 
D)  view these juveniles as bad or dangerous people

Question 8

Those who accept the "condemn the sin but love the sinner" position on juvenile justice would most likely favor a ___________ approach to dealing with juvenile offenders.

Accepted Answer

A)  radical nonintervention 
B)  restorative justice 
C)  harsh/rejecting 
D)  fixed sentences 
A)  radical nonintervention 
B)  restorative justice 
C)  harsh/rejecting 
D)  fixed sentences

Question 9

Labeling theory attempts to explain why juveniles:

Accepted Answer

A)  commit their first delinquent acts 
B)  engage in subsequent delinquent acts 
C)  engage in sexual versus assaultive delinquency 
D)  engage in minor delinquency 
E)  engage in any form of delinquency 
A)  commit their first delinquent acts 
B)  engage in subsequent delinquent acts 
C)  engage in sexual versus assaultive delinquency 
D)  engage in minor delinquency 
E)  engage in any form of delinquency

Question 10

Use control, strain, and/or social learning theories to explain why a "harsh/rejecting" reaction leads to further delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Control, strain, and social learning the

Question 11

Labeling theorists would argue that the effect of the harsh/rejecting reaction on delinquency is conditioned by:

Accepted Answer

A)  peers' approval of delinquency 
B)  parents' approval of delinquency 
C)  the characteristics of juvenile offenders 
D)  school systems' position on serious offenses 
A)  peers' approval of delinquency 
B)  parents' approval of delinquency 
C)  the characteristics of juvenile offenders 
D)  school systems' position on serious offenses

Question 12

Explain why the behavior of juveniles who engage in delinquency is often ignored or mildly sanctioned.

Accepted Answer

There are several reasons why the behavi

Question 13

Explain how a "harsh/rejecting" reaction to delinquency can affect self-concept and subsequent behavior.

Accepted Answer

A harsh or rejecting reaction to delinqu

Question 14

Labeling theorists argue that the "condemn the delinquency but accept the juvenile" reaction does not have the negative effects associated with the harsh/rejecting reaction. Why would this be true?

Accepted Answer

Labeling theorists focus on the social r

Question 15

Do juvenile delinquents ever receive positive reactions to their arrest and detention? If so, why would this be? Provide examples.

Accepted Answer

Yes, juvenile delinquents can receive po

Question 16

According to Agnew and Brezina, juvenile delinquency often is subject to mild sanction because:

Accepted Answer

A)  most suspected juvenile offenders are not arrested by police 
B)  almost half of juveniles referred to juvenile court are not formally processed 
C)  parents do not believe their children deserve serious sanction 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  most suspected juvenile offenders are not arrested by police 
B)  almost half of juveniles referred to juvenile court are not formally processed 
C)  parents do not believe their children deserve serious sanction 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

Identify and explain the weaknesses associated with research that tests labeling theory by comparing arrested delinquents with those delinquents who have not been arrested.

Accepted Answer

The weaknesses associated with research

Question 18

Labeling theorists commonly argue that powerful groups in society largely influence the types of acts deemed delinquent or status offenses. To what extent does the discussion in Chapter 1 surrounding the "invention of juvenile delinquency" support this position? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The discussion in Chapter 1 surrounding

Question 19

Describe the essential features of the harsh/rejecting reaction. Provide examples to illustrate both official and unofficial reactions that use such an approach.

Accepted Answer

The essential features of a harsh/reject

Question 20

An essential feature of the harsh/rejecting reaction is to label the ____________ as bad.

Accepted Answer

A)  delinquent act 
B)  juvenile 
C)  law 
D)  community 
A)  delinquent act 
B)  juvenile 
C)  law 
D)  community

Exam 9: Labeling Theory

Most labeling theorists would argue that certain acts are defined as status offenses because:

Labeling theory:

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the restorative justice approach?

Use the major theories to explain why juveniles low in control are more likely to respond to the harsh/rejecting reaction with further delinquency.

Policies of radical nonintervention include:

Police who stop juveniles and have them engage in activities such as singing "Jingle Bells" tend to do so because they (the police):

Those who accept the "condemn the sin but love the sinner" position on juvenile justice would most likely favor a ___________ approach to dealing with juvenile offenders.

Labeling theory attempts to explain why juveniles:

Use control, strain, and/or social learning theories to explain why a "harsh/rejecting" reaction leads to further delinquency.

Labeling theorists would argue that the effect of the harsh/rejecting reaction on delinquency is conditioned by:

Explain why the behavior of juveniles who engage in delinquency is often ignored or mildly sanctioned.

Explain how a "harsh/rejecting" reaction to delinquency can affect self-concept and subsequent behavior.

Labeling theorists argue that the "condemn the delinquency but accept the juvenile" reaction does not have the negative effects associated with the harsh/rejecting reaction. Why would this be true?

Do juvenile delinquents ever receive positive reactions to their arrest and detention? If so, why would this be? Provide examples.

According to Agnew and Brezina, juvenile delinquency often is subject to mild sanction because:

Identify and explain the weaknesses associated with research that tests labeling theory by comparing arrested delinquents with those delinquents who have not been arrested.

Labeling theorists commonly argue that powerful groups in society largely influence the types of acts deemed delinquent or status offenses. To what extent does the discussion in Chapter 1 surrounding the "invention of juvenile delinquency" support this position? Explain.

Describe the essential features of the harsh/rejecting reaction. Provide examples to illustrate both official and unofficial reactions that use such an approach.

An essential feature of the harsh/rejecting reaction is to label the ____________ as bad.

What Is Delinquency and How Does It Differ From Adult Crime

How Is Delinquency Measureding the Extent of Rape

How Much Delinquency Is There, and Is Delinquency Increasing

Who Is Most Likely to Engage in Delinquency

What Is a Theory and How Do We Test Theories

Strain Theory

Social Learning Theory

Control Theory

The Life Course

Is Delinquency More Likely in Certain Types of Situations

Group Differences in Delinquency

Individual Traits

The Family

The School

Delinquent Peers and Gangs

Other Social Influences

Pulling It All Together

Policies and Programs

The Police

Juvenile Court and Corrections

The Juvenile Justice System

The Strategies of Deterrence and Incapacitation

The Strategies of Prevention and Rehabilitation

What Should We Do to Reduce Delinquency

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