Question 1

Alice is bullied regularly in school. She typically responds to these bullying incidents with the thought, "I deserve it." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional coping 
B)  associative coping 
C)  cognitive coping 
D)  behavioral coping 
A)  emotional coping 
B)  associative coping 
C)  cognitive coping 
D)  behavioral coping C

Question 2

As described by Agnew and Brezina, delinquency has been linked to eight different types of negative treatment. List and describe four of these types of negative treatment and provide examples of each.

Accepted Answer

According to Agnew and Brezina, delinquency has been linked to eight different types of negative treatment. Four of these types include:

1. Rejection: This involves being excluded or ignored by others. For example, a teenager who is constantly left out of social activities by their peers may feel rejected.

2. Harsh discipline: This refers to being punished or disciplined in a severe or excessive manner. For instance, a child who is frequently subjected to physical punishment at home may be more likely to engage in delinquent behavior.

3. Abuse: This includes experiencing physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. An example of this would be a teenager who is regularly subjected to verbal and emotional abuse by a family member.

4. Neglect: This involves not receiving the care and attention that one needs. For instance, a child who is frequently left alone and unsupervised by their parents may feel neglected.

These types of negative treatment can contribute to feelings of anger, frustration, and low self-worth, which may in turn lead to delinquent behavior.

Question 3

According to strain theory, people may engage in delinquency:

Accepted Answer

A)  to get revenge 
B)  to escape from or reduce strain 
C)  to reduce their negative feelings 
D)  all of the above 
A)  to get revenge 
B)  to escape from or reduce strain 
C)  to reduce their negative feelings 
D)  all of the above D

Question 4

Strain theorists argue that the inability of adolescents to achieve certain goals contributes to much delinquency. List and describe the four goals discussed in the textbook and provide an example of each of the four goals. What is goal blockage, and when does this occur?

Accepted Answer

Strain theorists argue that the inabilit

Question 5

Use strain theory to describe how the desire for "masculine status" might lead to delinquency. Would a desire for "feminine status" be as likely to lead to delinquency? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Strain theory, developed by sociologist

Question 6

List and provide an example of the two major categories of strain.

Accepted Answer

The two major categories of strain are:

Question 7

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding strain and delinquency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strain is more likely to lead to delinquency when it involves areas of life that the individual considers important. 
B)  Strain is more likely to lead to delinquency among individuals with positive coping skills and resources. 
C)  Strain is more likely to lead to delinquency among individuals with a number of conventional social supports. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  Strain is more likely to lead to delinquency when it involves areas of life that the individual considers important. 
B)  Strain is more likely to lead to delinquency among individuals with positive coping skills and resources. 
C)  Strain is more likely to lead to delinquency among individuals with a number of conventional social supports. 
D)  none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is not a type of strain?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  failure to achieve your goals 
C)  loss of positive stimuli 
D)  presentation of negative stimuli 
A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  failure to achieve your goals 
C)  loss of positive stimuli 
D)  presentation of negative stimuli

Question 9

Adolescents find their desire for autonomy frustrated in the school system due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  school's extensive regulations 
B)  school's emphasis on authoritarian styles of teaching 
C)  the lack of freedom given to students 
D)  all of the above 
A)  school's extensive regulations 
B)  school's emphasis on authoritarian styles of teaching 
C)  the lack of freedom given to students 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

According to strain theory, delinquent behavior directly results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  the belief that crime pays 
B)  negative emotions like anger or frustration 
C)  failure of others to control the juvenile 
D)  association with peers who encourage delinquency 
A)  the belief that crime pays 
B)  negative emotions like anger or frustration 
C)  failure of others to control the juvenile 
D)  association with peers who encourage delinquency

Question 11

Adolescents frequently clash with parents and teachers over issues involving autonomy, such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  clothing 
B)  interpersonal relations 
C)  bedtime 
D)  all of the above 
A)  clothing 
B)  interpersonal relations 
C)  bedtime 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is a general category of strain that might lead to delinquency?

Accepted Answer

A)  weak social control 
B)  association with others involved in crime 
C)  failure to achieve goals 
D)  effects of negative labels 
A)  weak social control 
B)  association with others involved in crime 
C)  failure to achieve goals 
D)  effects of negative labels

Question 13

Agnew and Brezina discuss how denial of autonomy may lead to delinquency for several reasons. Which of the following is one of those reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Delinquency is a way to achieve masculinity. 
B)  Delinquency may be a means of venting frustration against those who deny autonomy. 
C)  Delinquency may be a means of obtaining money for those who live in poor areas. 
D)  Delinquency is fun and exciting, and juveniles crave risky activities. 
A)  Delinquency is a way to achieve masculinity. 
B)  Delinquency may be a means of venting frustration against those who deny autonomy. 
C)  Delinquency may be a means of obtaining money for those who live in poor areas. 
D)  Delinquency is fun and exciting, and juveniles crave risky activities.

Question 14

Provide a hypothetical scenario where a juvenile delinquent commits a crime of your choosing. Then, using terminology and concepts from the textbook, explain how strain theory relates to this hypothetical scenario.

Accepted Answer

Hypothetical Scenario:
A juvenile delinq

Question 15

Agnew and Brezina discuss various types of negative treatment that increase the likelihood for delinquency. Which of the following is not included in the discussion?

Accepted Answer

A)  parental rejection 
B)  delinquent social supports 
C)  homelessness 
D)  strict or excessive parental discipline 
E)  abusive peer relations 
A)  parental rejection 
B)  delinquent social supports 
C)  homelessness 
D)  strict or excessive parental discipline 
E)  abusive peer relations

Question 16

Using strain theory, explain why males have a higher rate of offending than females.

Accepted Answer

Strain theory, developed by sociologist

Question 17

Can the high rate of male offending be explained in terms of gender differences in the overall level of stress or strain? Explain why or why not.

Accepted Answer

The high rate of male offending cannot b

Question 18

In response to strain, it appears that females are more likely than males to:

Accepted Answer

A)  adopt legitimate, nondelinquent coping responses 
B)  adopt delinquent coping responses 
C)  avoid strain 
D)  not experience strain 
A)  adopt legitimate, nondelinquent coping responses 
B)  adopt delinquent coping responses 
C)  avoid strain 
D)  not experience strain

Question 19

According to strain theorists, the high rate of male offending is due, in part, to the fact that:

Accepted Answer

A)  males are more likely than females to experience stressors that are especially conducive to offending 
B)  males are more likely than females to deal with strain by resorting to delinquent coping strategies 
C)  all of the above 
D)  none of the above 
A)  males are more likely than females to experience stressors that are especially conducive to offending 
B)  males are more likely than females to deal with strain by resorting to delinquent coping strategies 
C)  all of the above 
D)  none of the above

Question 20

Sandy regularly drinks alcohol in an attempt to numb her bad feelings. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional coping 
B)  associative coping 
C)  cognitive coping 
D)  behavioral coping 
A)  emotional coping 
B)  associative coping 
C)  cognitive coping 
D)  behavioral coping

Exam 6: Strain Theory

Alice is bullied regularly in school. She typically responds to these bullying incidents with the thought, "I deserve it." This is an example of:

As described by Agnew and Brezina, delinquency has been linked to eight different types of negative treatment. List and describe four of these types of negative treatment and provide examples of each.

According to strain theory, people may engage in delinquency:

Strain theorists argue that the inability of adolescents to achieve certain goals contributes to much delinquency. List and describe the four goals discussed in the textbook and provide an example of each of the four goals. What is goal blockage, and when does this occur?

Use strain theory to describe how the desire for "masculine status" might lead to delinquency. Would a desire for "feminine status" be as likely to lead to delinquency? Why or why not?

List and provide an example of the two major categories of strain.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding strain and delinquency?

Which of the following is not a type of strain?

Adolescents find their desire for autonomy frustrated in the school system due to:

According to strain theory, delinquent behavior directly results from:

Adolescents frequently clash with parents and teachers over issues involving autonomy, such as:

Which of the following is a general category of strain that might lead to delinquency?

Agnew and Brezina discuss how denial of autonomy may lead to delinquency for several reasons. Which of the following is one of those reasons?

Provide a hypothetical scenario where a juvenile delinquent commits a crime of your choosing. Then, using terminology and concepts from the textbook, explain how strain theory relates to this hypothetical scenario.

Agnew and Brezina discuss various types of negative treatment that increase the likelihood for delinquency. Which of the following is not included in the discussion?

Using strain theory, explain why males have a higher rate of offending than females.

Can the high rate of male offending be explained in terms of gender differences in the overall level of stress or strain? Explain why or why not.

In response to strain, it appears that females are more likely than males to:

According to strain theorists, the high rate of male offending is due, in part, to the fact that:

Sandy regularly drinks alcohol in an attempt to numb her bad feelings. This is an example of:

What Is Delinquency and How Does It Differ From Adult Crime

How Is Delinquency Measureding the Extent of Rape

How Much Delinquency Is There, and Is Delinquency Increasing

Who Is Most Likely to Engage in Delinquency

What Is a Theory and How Do We Test Theories

Social Learning Theory

Control Theory

Labeling Theory

The Life Course

Is Delinquency More Likely in Certain Types of Situations

Group Differences in Delinquency

Individual Traits

The Family

The School

Delinquent Peers and Gangs

Other Social Influences

Pulling It All Together

Policies and Programs

The Police

Juvenile Court and Corrections

The Juvenile Justice System

The Strategies of Deterrence and Incapacitation

The Strategies of Prevention and Rehabilitation

What Should We Do to Reduce Delinquency

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