Question 1

Provide an example of how parents and/or teachers can inadvertently model behaviors of which they directly disapprove.

Accepted Answer

One example of how parents and/or teachers can inadvertently model behaviors of which they directly disapprove is by displaying negative attitudes or behaviors towards certain groups of people. For instance, a parent or teacher may explicitly teach their children or students to treat everyone with respect and kindness regardless of their race or ethnicity, but then they themselves make derogatory comments or jokes about people from a certain racial or ethnic background. This sends a mixed message to the children or students, showing them that it's okay to hold prejudiced views or make hurtful remarks about others, even though they have been told otherwise. This can lead to the children or students internalizing these negative attitudes and behaviors, despite being told that they are wrong. It's important for parents and teachers to be mindful of the behaviors they are modeling, as children and students often learn more from what they see adults do rather than what they are told.

Question 2

TJ sneaks into a movie theater with friends. After the movie, he and his friends laugh and congratulate each other on their success in seeing a new movie without having to pay. According to social learning theory, TJ's behavior has been:

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively punished 
B)  negatively reinforced 
C)  positively punished 
D)  positively reinforced 
A)  negatively punished 
B)  negatively reinforced 
C)  positively punished 
D)  positively reinforced D

Question 3

Intrinsic reinforcers that are not derived from others are sometimes referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  social reinforcers 
B)  social punishment 
C)  nonsocial reinforcers 
D)  nonsocial punishment 
A)  social reinforcers 
B)  social punishment 
C)  nonsocial reinforcers 
D)  nonsocial punishment C

Question 4

The term "differential reinforcement" refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  different sources of reinforcement (e.g., family, friends) 
B)  different types of reinforcement (e.g., money, social approval) 
C)  fact that different behaviors have different probabilities of being reinforced 
D)  fact that some reinforcers, like money, are more powerful than other reinforcers 
A)  different sources of reinforcement (e.g., family, friends) 
B)  different types of reinforcement (e.g., money, social approval) 
C)  fact that different behaviors have different probabilities of being reinforced 
D)  fact that some reinforcers, like money, are more powerful than other reinforcers

Question 5

Drawing on social learning theory, provide examples of negative and positive reinforcements, as well as negative and positive punishments, that are used by parents or peers and that encourage delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement occurs when a beh

Question 6

Behaviors that are reinforced on a(n) __________ schedule are more difficult to eliminate than those reinforced on a(n) _________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminative; conventional 
B)  conventional; discriminative 
C)  continuous; intermittent 
D)  intermittent; continuous 
E)  differential; discriminative 
A)  discriminative; conventional 
B)  conventional; discriminative 
C)  continuous; intermittent 
D)  intermittent; continuous 
E)  differential; discriminative

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE regarding intermittent schedules of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intermittent schedules require every delinquent act committed to be reinforced. 
B)  Intermittent schedules are usually sufficient to maintain a behavior. 
C)  Behaviors that are reinforced on an intermittent schedule are easier to eliminate than those reinforced on a continuous schedule. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  Intermittent schedules require every delinquent act committed to be reinforced. 
B)  Intermittent schedules are usually sufficient to maintain a behavior. 
C)  Behaviors that are reinforced on an intermittent schedule are easier to eliminate than those reinforced on a continuous schedule. 
D)  none of the above

Question 8

At a party one evening, Cathy observes her friends smoking marijuana. Describe the conditions under which she is most likely to imitate their behavior.

Accepted Answer

Cathy is most likely to imitate her frie

Question 9

Some individuals are less likely to be reinforced for conventional behavior, and in some cases, conventional behaviors may even be punished. Briefly describe how this may contribute to delinquency. Provide an example of when a conventional behavior is not reinforced and when a conventional behavior is punished.

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are less likely to be re

Question 10

Explain intimate partner violence (IPV) using the primary mechanisms of social learning theory.

Accepted Answer

Intimate partner violence (IPV) can be e

Question 11

If we wanted to test social learning theory, the best question to ask would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  How much time do you spend on your homework? 
B)  How much stress are you under? 
C)  How would your friends react if you committed a delinquent act? 
D)  How satisfied or happy are you? 
A)  How much time do you spend on your homework? 
B)  How much stress are you under? 
C)  How would your friends react if you committed a delinquent act? 
D)  How satisfied or happy are you?

Question 12

Describe an intermittent schedule of reinforcement. Why is it difficult to eliminate behaviors maintained on an intermittent schedule?

Accepted Answer

An intermittent schedule of reinforcemen

Question 13

In today's society there are varieties of role models for youths, including celebrities, athletes, parents, teachers, and peers. Which of these do you think has the greatest effect on adolescent beliefs? Do you think celebrities and athletes who engage in alcohol and/or illegal drug and steroid use influence beliefs conducive to these behaviors?

Accepted Answer

I believe that parents and teachers have

Question 14

Explain how parents can most effectively use reinforcement to reduce the likelihood that their children will engage in delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Parents can most effectively use reinfor

Question 15

What is the "intergenerational transmission of violence"? Should this be a concern to society? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The "intergenerational transmission of v

Question 16

Agnew and Brezina identify ___________ as a general value(s) that is (are) conducive to delinquency.

Accepted Answer

A)  desire for quick and easy success 
B)  disdain for hard work 
C)  wanting excitement 
D)  trying to be "macho" 
E)  all of the above 
A)  desire for quick and easy success 
B)  disdain for hard work 
C)  wanting excitement 
D)  trying to be "macho" 
E)  all of the above

Question 17

Some juveniles hold certain general values that are conducive to delinquency. These values do not explicitly approve of or justify delinquency, but they make delinquency appear as a more attractive alternative than might otherwise be the case. Theorists have listed three general sets of values in this area. What are these sets of values, and how may they contribute to delinquency?

Accepted Answer

The three general sets of values that th

Question 18

How would social learning theory explain the fact that some students are more likely to engage in illicit drug use than others?

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory would explain the

Question 19

According to social learning theory, some individuals are more likely to be reinforced for delinquency than others. Sometimes this reinforcement is deliberate. At other times, the reinforcement for delinquency is less deliberate. Provide ONE example of deliberate reinforcement and ONE example of nondeliberate reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

According to social learning theory, whi

Question 20

Agnew and Brezina state in their discussion on social learning theory that the major sources of reinforcements and punishments for juveniles are:

Accepted Answer

A)  teachers 
B)  family members and friends 
C)  TV and music 
D)  neighborhood residents and religious leaders 
A)  teachers 
B)  family members and friends 
C)  TV and music 
D)  neighborhood residents and religious leaders

Exam 7: Social Learning Theory

Provide an example of how parents and/or teachers can inadvertently model behaviors of which they directly disapprove.

TJ sneaks into a movie theater with friends. After the movie, he and his friends laugh and congratulate each other on their success in seeing a new movie without having to pay. According to social learning theory, TJ's behavior has been:

Intrinsic reinforcers that are not derived from others are sometimes referred to as:

The term "differential reinforcement" refers to the:

Drawing on social learning theory, provide examples of negative and positive reinforcements, as well as negative and positive punishments, that are used by parents or peers and that encourage delinquency.

Behaviors that are reinforced on a(n) __________ schedule are more difficult to eliminate than those reinforced on a(n) _________ schedule.

Which statement is TRUE regarding intermittent schedules of reinforcement?

At a party one evening, Cathy observes her friends smoking marijuana. Describe the conditions under which she is most likely to imitate their behavior.

Explain intimate partner violence (IPV) using the primary mechanisms of social learning theory.

If we wanted to test social learning theory, the best question to ask would be:

Describe an intermittent schedule of reinforcement. Why is it difficult to eliminate behaviors maintained on an intermittent schedule?

Explain how parents can most effectively use reinforcement to reduce the likelihood that their children will engage in delinquency.

What is the "intergenerational transmission of violence"? Should this be a concern to society? Why or why not?

Agnew and Brezina identify ___________ as a general value(s) that is (are) conducive to delinquency.

How would social learning theory explain the fact that some students are more likely to engage in illicit drug use than others?

Agnew and Brezina state in their discussion on social learning theory that the major sources of reinforcements and punishments for juveniles are:

What Is Delinquency and How Does It Differ From Adult Crime

How Is Delinquency Measureding the Extent of Rape

How Much Delinquency Is There, and Is Delinquency Increasing

Who Is Most Likely to Engage in Delinquency

What Is a Theory and How Do We Test Theories

Strain Theory

Control Theory

Labeling Theory

The Life Course

Is Delinquency More Likely in Certain Types of Situations

Group Differences in Delinquency

Individual Traits

The Family

The School

Delinquent Peers and Gangs

Other Social Influences

Pulling It All Together

Policies and Programs

The Police

Juvenile Court and Corrections

The Juvenile Justice System

The Strategies of Deterrence and Incapacitation

The Strategies of Prevention and Rehabilitation

What Should We Do to Reduce Delinquency

Filters

Behaviors that are reinforced on a(n) __ schedule are more difficult to eliminate than those reinforced on a(n) _ schedule.