Question 1

According to the study by Lockwood (1997), the most common setting for a violent incident is:

Accepted Answer

A)  an encounter with an acquaintance at school 
B)  an encounter with parents in the home 
C)  an encounter with peers in the park 
D)  an encounter with strangers at the mall 
A)  an encounter with an acquaintance at school 
B)  an encounter with parents in the home 
C)  an encounter with peers in the park 
D)  an encounter with strangers at the mall A

Question 2

With regard to person-related crimes, an attractive target is one that:

Accepted Answer

A)  is young 
B)  is pretty or handsome 
C)  possesses cash 
D)  is part of a group of attractive people 
E)  all of the above 
A)  is young 
B)  is pretty or handsome 
C)  possesses cash 
D)  is part of a group of attractive people 
E)  all of the above C

Question 3

Explain how routine activities influence predisposed offenders who actively search for situations conducive to delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Routine activities can have a significant impact on predisposed offenders who actively seek out situations conducive to delinquency. These individuals are often looking for opportunities to engage in criminal behavior, and their routine activities can either facilitate or hinder their ability to do so. For example, if a predisposed offender has a routine of spending time in areas with high crime rates or associating with delinquent peers, they are more likely to find themselves in situations where they can engage in criminal behavior. On the other hand, if their routine activities involve positive and pro-social activities, such as participating in organized sports or attending educational programs, they may be less likely to actively seek out delinquent situations.

Additionally, routine activities can also influence the opportunities available to predisposed offenders. For example, if an individual has a routine of being unsupervised during certain times of the day, they may actively seek out situations where they can engage in delinquent behavior without fear of being caught. Conversely, if their routine involves constant supervision or structured activities, they may have fewer opportunities to engage in delinquent behavior.

Overall, routine activities play a crucial role in shaping the opportunities and motivations for predisposed offenders who actively seek out situations conducive to delinquency. By understanding and addressing these routine activities, it may be possible to intervene and prevent delinquent behavior before it occurs.

Question 4

Individuals who are predisposed to delinquency tend to:

Accepted Answer

A)  engage in delinquent acts most of the time 
B)  commit more delinquent acts than do other individuals 
C)  engage in delinquent acts in all situations 
D)  all of the above 
A)  engage in delinquent acts most of the time 
B)  commit more delinquent acts than do other individuals 
C)  engage in delinquent acts in all situations 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

The likelihood that potential offenders will encounter situations conducive to crime depends partly on their routine activities. What is meant by "routine activities"? Describe the nature of the routine activities most conducive to delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Routine activities refer to the regular

Question 6

Research data suggest that many offenders who respond to provocations by others are more likely to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  innocent bystanders 
B)  teased by classmates 
C)  school bullies who regularly pick on others 
D)  "audience" members 
A)  innocent bystanders 
B)  teased by classmates 
C)  school bullies who regularly pick on others 
D)  "audience" members

Question 7

Agnew and Brezina discuss research that found that over half of juveniles who engage in assault reported that they had been intentionally provoked. These findings illustrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  strain theory 
B)  social learning theory 
C)  control theory 
D)  labeling theory 
A)  strain theory 
B)  social learning theory 
C)  control theory 
D)  labeling theory

Question 8

According to the textbook, the benefits of delinquency may be tangible, and they also may be intangible. Define these two terms and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Tangible benefits refer to those that ca

Question 9

"Target-hardening" techniques make targets:

Accepted Answer

A)  less visible 
B)  less accessible 
C)  more difficult to move 
D)  all of the above 
A)  less visible 
B)  less accessible 
C)  more difficult to move 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

Situational strains that increase the likelihood for violence include:

Accepted Answer

A)  boredom 
B)  threats to masculine status 
C)  "partying" lifestyle 
D)  seeking thrills or excitement 
A)  boredom 
B)  threats to masculine status 
C)  "partying" lifestyle 
D)  seeking thrills or excitement

Question 11

Most often "capable guardians" are:

Accepted Answer

A)  private security guards 
B)  local or community police officers 
C)  respected teachers or parents 
D)  persons trained in the martial arts or some other form of personal protection 
A)  private security guards 
B)  local or community police officers 
C)  respected teachers or parents 
D)  persons trained in the martial arts or some other form of personal protection

Question 12

Predisposed offenders are most likely to actively seek targets:

Accepted Answer

A)  in rival neighborhoods 
B)  off the "beaten path" 
C)  near their home 
D)  in densely populated public spaces 
A)  in rival neighborhoods 
B)  off the "beaten path" 
C)  near their home 
D)  in densely populated public spaces

Question 13

Situational strains include a desperate need for cash, threats to autonomy, and the loss of positive stimuli. Explain these three strains and provide examples of delinquent acts that could occur as a consequence of each strain.

Accepted Answer

Situational strains refer to external fa

Question 14

One of the examples given by Agnew and Brezina as a way to reduce crime by reducing situational strains is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  stagger bar closing hours 
B)  reduce the amount of media violence 
C)  develop after-school athletic programs 
D)  create smaller classes 
A)  stagger bar closing hours 
B)  reduce the amount of media violence 
C)  develop after-school athletic programs 
D)  create smaller classes

Question 15

Make a list of capable guardians you encountered during a typical day while in high school. Indicate when and where you typically encountered these people. Explain the effect they had on your delinquent and/or nondelinquent behaviors.

Accepted Answer

1. Teachers - I encountered teachers thr

Question 16

Under what conditions is a delinquent response to situational strain most likely?

Accepted Answer

A delinquent response to situational str

Question 17

Costs of crime can include:

Accepted Answer

A)  money 
B)  feelings of guilt 
C)  thrills and excitement 
D)  social approval 
E)  none of the above 
A)  money 
B)  feelings of guilt 
C)  thrills and excitement 
D)  social approval 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

What does it mean to say that juveniles have a limited rationality?

Accepted Answer

Saying that juveniles have a limited rat

Question 19

In general, researchers agree that most juveniles:

Accepted Answer

A)  rationally consider the benefits and costs of crime in a particular situation 
B)  give some limited consideration to the costs and rewards of crime 
C)  do not consider the costs and rewards of crime 
D)  consider rewards but not costs of crime 
A)  rationally consider the benefits and costs of crime in a particular situation 
B)  give some limited consideration to the costs and rewards of crime 
C)  do not consider the costs and rewards of crime 
D)  consider rewards but not costs of crime

Question 20

Identify the characteristics of an attractive target with respect to property crime.

Accepted Answer

An attractive target with respect to pro

Exam 11: Is Delinquency More Likely in Certain Types of Situations

According to the study by Lockwood (1997), the most common setting for a violent incident is:

With regard to person-related crimes, an attractive target is one that:

Explain how routine activities influence predisposed offenders who actively search for situations conducive to delinquency.

Individuals who are predisposed to delinquency tend to:

The likelihood that potential offenders will encounter situations conducive to crime depends partly on their routine activities. What is meant by "routine activities"? Describe the nature of the routine activities most conducive to delinquency.

Research data suggest that many offenders who respond to provocations by others are more likely to be:

Agnew and Brezina discuss research that found that over half of juveniles who engage in assault reported that they had been intentionally provoked. These findings illustrate:

According to the textbook, the benefits of delinquency may be tangible, and they also may be intangible. Define these two terms and provide an example of each.

"Target-hardening" techniques make targets:

Situational strains that increase the likelihood for violence include:

Most often "capable guardians" are:

Predisposed offenders are most likely to actively seek targets:

Situational strains include a desperate need for cash, threats to autonomy, and the loss of positive stimuli. Explain these three strains and provide examples of delinquent acts that could occur as a consequence of each strain.

One of the examples given by Agnew and Brezina as a way to reduce crime by reducing situational strains is to:

Make a list of capable guardians you encountered during a typical day while in high school. Indicate when and where you typically encountered these people. Explain the effect they had on your delinquent and/or nondelinquent behaviors.

Under what conditions is a delinquent response to situational strain most likely?

Costs of crime can include:

What does it mean to say that juveniles have a limited rationality?

In general, researchers agree that most juveniles:

Identify the characteristics of an attractive target with respect to property crime.

What Is Delinquency and How Does It Differ From Adult Crime

How Is Delinquency Measureding the Extent of Rape

How Much Delinquency Is There, and Is Delinquency Increasing

Who Is Most Likely to Engage in Delinquency

What Is a Theory and How Do We Test Theories

Strain Theory

Social Learning Theory

Control Theory

Labeling Theory

The Life Course

Group Differences in Delinquency

Individual Traits

The Family

The School

Delinquent Peers and Gangs

Other Social Influences

Pulling It All Together

Policies and Programs

The Police

Juvenile Court and Corrections

The Juvenile Justice System

The Strategies of Deterrence and Incapacitation

The Strategies of Prevention and Rehabilitation

What Should We Do to Reduce Delinquency

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