Chat with AIExam 23: The Strategies of Deterrence and Incapacitation
Research findings suggest that arrest or conviction of juveniles fails to reduce juvenile crime. Based on discussion in the text, discuss three reasons why such punishment may not deter juveniles from committing delinquent acts.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThere are several reasons why the arrest or conviction of juveniles may fail to deter them from committing delinquent acts.
Firstly, juveniles may not fully understand the consequences of their actions. Research has shown that the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making and impulse control, is not fully developed in adolescents. This means that they may not fully comprehend the potential long-term consequences of their actions, including the impact of a criminal record on their future opportunities.
Secondly, the social environment in which juveniles are raised can also play a significant role in their likelihood of engaging in delinquent behavior. If a juvenile comes from a disadvantaged or high-crime neighborhood, they may be more likely to view arrest or conviction as a normal part of life, rather than a deterrent to criminal behavior.
Lastly, the lack of effective rehabilitation and support services for juveniles who have been arrested or convicted can also contribute to the failure of punishment to deter future delinquent acts. If a juvenile does not receive the necessary support and guidance to address the underlying issues that led to their criminal behavior, they may be more likely to reoffend.
In conclusion, the ineffectiveness of arrest or conviction in deterring juvenile crime can be attributed to factors such as cognitive development, social environment, and the lack of effective rehabilitation and support services. These factors highlight the need for a more holistic and individualized approach to addressing juvenile delinquency.
In a recent study, researchers compared juvenile crime trends in California and Texas to determine the extent that incapacitation prevents crime among juveniles. What were the crime-control strategies used in California and Texas? What conclusions did the researchers draw from this study?
(34) Answered by Examlex AI CopilotIn California, the crime-control strategy used was focused on rehabilitation and community-based programs for juvenile offenders. This approach aimed to address the root causes of juvenile delinquency and provide support and resources to help prevent future criminal behavior. In Texas, the crime-control strategy focused more on incapacitation, with a greater emphasis on incarceration and harsher penalties for juvenile offenders.
The researchers found that despite the differences in crime-control strategies, both California and Texas experienced similar declines in juvenile crime rates over the study period. This led the researchers to conclude that incapacitation alone may not be the most effective method for preventing juvenile crime. Instead, a combination of rehabilitation, community-based programs, and incapacitation may be more successful in addressing juvenile delinquency and reducing crime rates. The study also highlighted the importance of addressing the underlying social and economic factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency, rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
According to Agnew and Brezina, punishment is an ineffective specific deterrent because:
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It is difficult to effectively implement the strategy of selective incapacitation because:
(39) Describe the basic ideas behind the strategy of selective incapacitation. Then discuss the difficulties in effectively implementing such a strategy.
(35) What are mandatory minimum sentences and sentencing guidelines? How are they similar to one another and how do they differ?
(30) Discuss why it is difficult to determine how much juvenile delinquency can be prevented through incapacitation.
(34) Based on studies that examine the effectiveness of punishment as a specific deterrent of delinquency, Agnew and Brezina conclude that punishment by the juvenile justice system:
(40) According to the text, the major strategy for controlling juvenile crime is:
(20) Data suggest that rehabilitation programs combined with punishment are effective:
(39) How does the strategy of deterrence differ from incapacitation?
(30) Some criminologists argue that the best way to determine whether people are deterred by the threat of punishment is to:
(33) Design a self-report study that examines whether the certainty and severity of punishment serve as a general deterrent for juvenile marijuana use.
(30) In terms of general deterrence, data suggest that increasing the ___________ greatly reduces delinquency.
(36) A common criticism of the juvenile court is that it is not tough enough, especially in dealing with serious offenders. Based on discussion in the text, develop a cogent argument that supports or challenges this criticism.
(32) One strategy for reducing delinquency involves locking up delinquents for long periods so these juveniles cannot commit crimes on the street. This strategy is known as:
(35) Incapacitation has become the major strategy in the United States for controlling:
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