Exam 18: Shaping

Give a brief example of each of the following: -Variable-outcome shaping

Explain why it's often wrong to talk about shaping the lever press, and explain how shaping CAN be involved in lever press training.

Fill in the Blank -Shaping with punishment $\bullet$ The ______________________________ punishment of all behavior $\bullet$ except that which more and more closely resembles the ______________________________ behavior.

Even though the terminal behavior occurs with a moderate frequency before your intervention, you will probably need to use shaping rather than a differential reinforcement procedure.

Give a brief example of each of the following: -Shaping with reinforcement

Initial behavior is the frequency of responding before reinforcement.

Give a brief example of each of the following: -Fixed- Outcome shaping

Define the following concepts: -Initial behavior

To shape 100-gram lever presses with punishment, do you need to keep a reinforcement contingency going throughout the entire shaping procedure? Please explain.

Fill in the Blank -Variable-outcome shaping $\bullet$ Shaping that involves a change in the ______________________________ of the reinforcer, $\bullet$ as ______________________________ more and more closely resembles $\bullet$ the ______________________________ behavior

Diagram a variable-outcome shaping procedure to improve locomotion from squirming up through running.

When requiring a mental hospital resident to make sounds that more closely approximated words, lips movements was the __________ behavior?

Please match the following definitions with the terms below. (Not all of the terms will necessarily be used. In fact, some may be fictitious.) -Shaping with reinforcement

Give a brief example of each of the following: -Intermediate behaviors

Define the following concepts: -Terminal behavior

Give a brief example of each of the following: -Operant level

One interesting feature of using a punishment procedure to shape Rudolph's 100-gram lever presses is that you don't need to have a reinforcement contingency going throughout the entire shaping procedure.

Match the numbers to the words that goes in each box in comparing variable-outcome shaping and fixed-outcome shaping. Fixed-outcome shaping Variable-outcome shaping \# of outcome sizes 1 2 Regression to earlier levels 3 4 Usual source of shaping 5 6 -Number 3 is: A)No reinforcers B) Weaker reinforcers C) Performance manager D) Nature E) One F) Many

Define the following concepts: -Fixed- Outcome shaping

Differential reinforcement and shaping are NOT the same procedures.