Exam 12: Memory Modulation Systems

Epinephrine in the blood stream binds to adrenergic receptors located on the _______ nerve.

Stimulating the vagal nerve following inhibitory avoidance training can enhance the memory.

Epinephrine molecules are too large to cross the blood-brain barrier. So, how can epinephrine that is released into the blood stream influence memory modulation?

The injection of _______ into the amygdala following the place-learning task will enhance retention performance.

Glucose is released into the blood stream from the adrenal gland.

In older rats, the adrenal gland no longer releases epinephrine in response to arousing events.

The liver cells contain _______ receptors that initiate signaling that causes the liver to secrete glucose into the blood stream after an arousing event is experienced.

Describe how epinephrine brings about the release of norepinephrine into the BLA.

The amygdala is stores place-learning memories.

In older rats, the liver no longer releases glucose in response to epinephrine.

Old rats cannot maintain a long-lasting avoidance memory because _______. (Select all that apply.)

The amygdala consists of many subnuclei, but only neurons in the central amygdala are critical for memory modulation.

Impaired CREB activation is related in part to age-related changes in the adrenal response to arousal. What evidence supports this assertion?

The memory enhancing effect of epinephrine depends on the time separating _______ and the _______ of the hormone.

Epinephrine's role as a memory modulator is well established in animal models, but its role in human memory is unknown.

By itself, electric shock will cause norepinephrine to be released in the amygdala.

Human subjects injected with _______ immediately following exposure to visual scenes had better recall than other subjects.

Injecting lidocaine into the BLA following avoidance training will impair memory because it will _______. (Select all that apply.)

The vagus nerve carries information about the body and synapses on a brain stem region called the _______.

Epinephrine crosses the blood-brain barrier.