Question 1

Studies of Native American tribes, inner city youth in the U.S., and people in India exemplify Erikson's:

Accepted Answer

A)  lifespan perspective. 
B)  psycho sexual model. 
C)  model of self-actualization. 
D)  psycho social model. 
A)  lifespan perspective. 
B)  psycho sexual model. 
C)  model of self-actualization. 
D)  psycho social model.

Question 2

With respect to childrearing, Locke advocated the use of:

Accepted Answer

A)  physical punishment. 
B)  material rewards. 
C)  praise. 
D)  infanticide. 
A)  physical punishment. 
B)  material rewards. 
C)  praise. 
D)  infanticide.

Question 3

Sol's mouth waters every time he sees jalapeno chili relish. Sol's mouth watering is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned response. 
A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 4

The field of sociobiology was founded by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin. 
B)  Konrad Lorenz 
C)  E. O. Wilson. 
D)  All the named theorists were founders. 
A)  Charles Darwin. 
B)  Konrad Lorenz 
C)  E. O. Wilson. 
D)  All the named theorists were founders.

Question 5

A __________ is a theoretical idea shared by many scientists during a given period of time.

Accepted Answer

A)  paradigm 
B)  dominant culture 
C)  zeitgeist 
D)  philosophy 
A)  paradigm 
B)  dominant culture 
C)  zeitgeist 
D)  philosophy

Question 6

Matty is 4 years old and is on an outing with his parents. Suddenly, he jumps into the street in front of a passing car. His mother quickly darts behind him, putting her own life at risk, in order to save him. What principle does this event demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolutionary theory 
B)  Sociobiology 
C)  Freudian theory 
D)  Piagetian theory 
A)  Evolutionary theory 
B)  Sociobiology 
C)  Freudian theory 
D)  Piagetian theory

Question 7

According to Erikson, healthy resolution of a developmentally based crisis:

Accepted Answer

A)  is directed by the child's significant others. 
B)  necessitates complete elimination of the negative possibility. 
C)  separates the individual from his or her social world. 
D)  includes primarily a positive tilt, but also a slight inclusion of the negative. 
A)  is directed by the child's significant others. 
B)  necessitates complete elimination of the negative possibility. 
C)  separates the individual from his or her social world. 
D)  includes primarily a positive tilt, but also a slight inclusion of the negative.

Question 8

Parents who resist pressure from grandparents to begin potty training their 18-month-old son because of a belief that he is simply not ready hold a view of development consistent with that of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Watson. 
B)  Gesell. 
C)  Freud. 
D)  all the responses are accurate 
A)  Watson. 
B)  Gesell. 
C)  Freud. 
D)  all the responses are accurate

Question 9

When Piaget emphasized that all children progress through similar cognitive stages, he was focusing attention on:

Accepted Answer

A)  universals of development. 
B)  cultural relativism. 
C)  the zeitgeist. 
D)  idiographic processes. 
A)  universals of development. 
B)  cultural relativism. 
C)  the zeitgeist. 
D)  idiographic processes.

Question 10

According to the concept of constructivism, children's knowledge of the events in their environment:

Accepted Answer

A)  exactly replicates those events. 
B)  is largely innate. 
C)  reflects alterations that help the knowledge fit comfortably within their existing cognitive structure. 
D)  is acquired directly from teaching efforts on the parts of adults. 
A)  exactly replicates those events. 
B)  is largely innate. 
C)  reflects alterations that help the knowledge fit comfortably within their existing cognitive structure. 
D)  is acquired directly from teaching efforts on the parts of adults.

Question 11

A father who encourages his preschoolers to play cooperatively by praising them whenever they share their toys is using:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  positive punishment. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  vicarious reinforcement. 
A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  positive punishment. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  vicarious reinforcement.

Question 12

How many periods or stages has Piaget included in his theory of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  One 
B)  Four 
C)  Five 
D)  Eight 
A)  One 
B)  Four 
C)  Five 
D)  Eight

Question 13

Billy's mother is afraid of cats and, although Billy has never actually encountered a cat, he is also afraid of cats. Billy's fear of cats can best be explained by the principles of:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  observational learning. 
A)  habituation. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  observational learning.

Question 14

Which of the following ideas is central to the ecological perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans are biologically predisposed to seek reinforcers. 
B)  In order to understand human behaviour, we need to consider both immediate and evolutionary causes. 
C)  Social behaviours are, in large part, determined by the processes of natural selection. 
D)  Development occurs in a context. 
A)  Humans are biologically predisposed to seek reinforcers. 
B)  In order to understand human behaviour, we need to consider both immediate and evolutionary causes. 
C)  Social behaviours are, in large part, determined by the processes of natural selection. 
D)  Development occurs in a context.

Question 15

A child who is able to reason abstractly about alternative political events is most likely to be in which of Piaget's periods of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  The stage of formal operations 
B)  The preoperational stage 
C)  The foundational stage 
D)  The societal stage 
A)  The stage of formal operations 
B)  The preoperational stage 
C)  The foundational stage 
D)  The societal stage

Question 16

A basic assumption of sociobiology is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there exists a genetic basis for human social behaviour. 
B)  human social behaviour is best explained in terms of the unique intellectual abilities that characterize the species. 
C)  most human social behaviour is both conscious and deliberate. 
D)  human social behaviour is best understood in terms of biochemical processes. 
A)  there exists a genetic basis for human social behaviour. 
B)  human social behaviour is best explained in terms of the unique intellectual abilities that characterize the species. 
C)  most human social behaviour is both conscious and deliberate. 
D)  human social behaviour is best understood in terms of biochemical processes.

Question 17

__________ added observational learning to the environmental/learning tradition.

Accepted Answer

A)  John B. Watson 
B)  B. F. Skinner 
C)  Lev Vygotsky 
D)  Albert Bandura 
A)  John B. Watson 
B)  B. F. Skinner 
C)  Lev Vygotsky 
D)  Albert Bandura

Question 18

Although Piaget and information processing theorists share some assumptions about child development, most information processing theorists reject the Piagetian notion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  stages. 
B)  organization. 
C)  rules or structures. 
D)  adaptation. 
A)  stages. 
B)  organization. 
C)  rules or structures. 
D)  adaptation.

Question 19

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of the environment, macrosystem influences on development would involve which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Number of siblings in a family 
B)  Proximity of neighbourhood friends 
C)  Availability of on-site day care facilities 
D)  Cultural values regarding the role of siblings as caregivers 
A)  Number of siblings in a family 
B)  Proximity of neighbourhood friends 
C)  Availability of on-site day care facilities 
D)  Cultural values regarding the role of siblings as caregivers

Question 20

An examination of the relationship between poverty, illiteracy, drugs, crime, and children's development would exemplify the __________ value of childhood research.

Accepted Answer

A)  general interest 
B)  real-world application 
C)  social policy 
D)  cognitive developmental 
A)  general interest 
B)  real-world application 
C)  social policy 
D)  cognitive developmental

Studies of Native American tribes, inner city youth in the U.S., and people in India exemplify Erikson's:

With respect to childrearing, Locke advocated the use of:

Sol's mouth waters every time he sees jalapeno chili relish. Sol's mouth watering is a:

The field of sociobiology was founded by:

A __________ is a theoretical idea shared by many scientists during a given period of time.

Matty is 4 years old and is on an outing with his parents. Suddenly, he jumps into the street in front of a passing car. His mother quickly darts behind him, putting her own life at risk, in order to save him. What principle does this event demonstrate?

According to Erikson, healthy resolution of a developmentally based crisis:

Parents who resist pressure from grandparents to begin potty training their 18-month-old son because of a belief that he is simply not ready hold a view of development consistent with that of:

When Piaget emphasized that all children progress through similar cognitive stages, he was focusing attention on:

According to the concept of constructivism, children's knowledge of the events in their environment:

A father who encourages his preschoolers to play cooperatively by praising them whenever they share their toys is using:

How many periods or stages has Piaget included in his theory of development?

Billy's mother is afraid of cats and, although Billy has never actually encountered a cat, he is also afraid of cats. Billy's fear of cats can best be explained by the principles of:

Which of the following ideas is central to the ecological perspective?

A child who is able to reason abstractly about alternative political events is most likely to be in which of Piaget's periods of development?

A basic assumption of sociobiology is that:

__________ added observational learning to the environmental/learning tradition.

Although Piaget and information processing theorists share some assumptions about child development, most information processing theorists reject the Piagetian notion of:

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of the environment, macrosystem influences on development would involve which of the following factors?

An examination of the relationship between poverty, illiteracy, drugs, crime, and children's development would exemplify the __________ value of childhood research.

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Exam 1: Background and Theories

Studies of Native American tribes, inner city youth in the U.S., and people in India exemplify Erikson's:

With respect to childrearing, Locke advocated the use of:

Sol's mouth waters every time he sees jalapeno chili relish. Sol's mouth watering is a:

The field of sociobiology was founded by:

A __________ is a theoretical idea shared by many scientists during a given period of time.

Matty is 4 years old and is on an outing with his parents. Suddenly, he jumps into the street in front of a passing car. His mother quickly darts behind him, putting her own life at risk, in order to save him. What principle does this event demonstrate?

According to Erikson, healthy resolution of a developmentally based crisis:

Parents who resist pressure from grandparents to begin potty training their 18-month-old son because of a belief that he is simply not ready hold a view of development consistent with that of:

When Piaget emphasized that all children progress through similar cognitive stages, he was focusing attention on:

According to the concept of constructivism, children's knowledge of the events in their environment:

A father who encourages his preschoolers to play cooperatively by praising them whenever they share their toys is using:

How many periods or stages has Piaget included in his theory of development?

Billy's mother is afraid of cats and, although Billy has never actually encountered a cat, he is also afraid of cats. Billy's fear of cats can best be explained by the principles of:

Which of the following ideas is central to the ecological perspective?

A child who is able to reason abstractly about alternative political events is most likely to be in which of Piaget's periods of development?

A basic assumption of sociobiology is that:

__________ added observational learning to the environmental/learning tradition.

Although Piaget and information processing theorists share some assumptions about child development, most information processing theorists reject the Piagetian notion of:

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of the environment, macrosystem influences on development would involve which of the following factors?

An examination of the relationship between poverty, illiteracy, drugs, crime, and children's development would exemplify the __________ value of childhood research.

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters