Exam 1: Background and Theories

An ethologist would explain mother-infant attachment in terms of:

Which of the following components of parent-child action is emphasized in Vygotsky's theory?

Lauren, at age 2, is quite skilled at pushing the buttons that operate the remote control for the television, her sister's calculator, and the family's computer. Lauren has to try new techniques to turn on the wall switch for the lights in her room. This example best illustrates the Piagetian concept of:

Chloe, a newborn baby, cries to be fed or when she is cold, wet, or uncomfortable. Which developmentalist believed that this type of behaviour had an evolutionary basis to it?

Because of his culturally relativistic perspective, von Herder's writings emphasized the importance of the dynamic nature of both culture and:

The idea that some of present-day human behaviour was once important for the survival of an earlier form of animal was systematically laid out by:

Who, from among the following theorists, is best described as working within the ethological perspective?

Although only 18 years old, T. has a criminal record that dates back 10 years. He has recently been found guilty of a series of brutal crimes. A psychologist asked to testify in court attributes T.'s behaviour to a cold and neglectful mother, an absent father, and fixation at an earlier stage of development. It appears that the court psychologist has been influenced by the writings of:

Little Albert is to fear of a rat as Little Peter is to:

A researcher is studying cortisol levels in internationally-adopted children when they're 1 year old, 2 years old, and then again at 5 years old. This type of research would exemplify what value of conducting research on children?

Rousseau is to cognitive-developmental as Locke is to:

Operant behaviours:

Who, from among the following, is noted for detailing the principles of operant learning?

Traditionally, developmental psychology and child psychology were basically one and the same. Today, however, developmental psychology has extended its research focus into:

In order to meet a psychologist's definition of learning, change:

Vygotsy would explain a 4-year-old's ability to locate her favourite cookie in the supermarket by utilizing the store's organizational system (e.g., first finding the snack aisle, and then the cookie section, and then the brand name) in terms of:

Respondent behaviour is _____________ whereas operant behaviour is______________.

At Heather's daycare centre, the little boys play rough and tumble games, while the little girls spend most of their time playing with dolls. What developmental theory is encompassed in this type of example?

The assumptions that members of the same species vary in many characteristics and that most species produce more offspring than their environment can support:

Developmental researchers are interested in outlining developmental changes throughout childhood and then determining the causes of, and describing the processes underlying these changes. In other words, developmental research has two goals: