Question 1

Status hierarchies within gangs studied by Miller could be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  an open question because interviews provided little conclusive data on this topic. 
B)  both male and female dominated depending on gender membership. 
C)  egalitarian where everyone was equal. 
D)  male dominated. 
A)  an open question because interviews provided little conclusive data on this topic. 
B)  both male and female dominated depending on gender membership. 
C)  egalitarian where everyone was equal. 
D)  male dominated. D

Question 2

Desirable qualities of high status gang members and leaders consisted of

Accepted Answer

A)  "smarts," toughness, "heart" and perceived as neither male nor female. 
B)  no specific qualities, every gang had its own leadership criteria including gender rules. 
C)  toughness, able to fight, willing to "do dirt" and perceived as masculine. 
D)  willingness to put oneself ahead of gang and do whatever necessary to become leader and perceived as female. 
A)  "smarts," toughness, "heart" and perceived as neither male nor female. 
B)  no specific qualities, every gang had its own leadership criteria including gender rules. 
C)  toughness, able to fight, willing to "do dirt" and perceived as masculine. 
D)  willingness to put oneself ahead of gang and do whatever necessary to become leader and perceived as female. C

Question 3

Discuss the status difference between women that were initiated into gangs for their toughness versus women who were "sexed in." Which status is higher? Is evidence provided by Miller that a woman could move from a lower status to a higher status in the gang?

Accepted Answer

In his book "The Gangs of Los Angeles," author James Diego Vigil discusses the status difference between women who were initiated into gangs for their toughness versus women who were "sexed in." According to Vigil, women who were initiated into gangs for their toughness were seen as having a higher status within the gang compared to those who were "sexed in." This is because being initiated for toughness was seen as a demonstration of strength and loyalty to the gang, whereas being "sexed in" was seen as a more passive and submissive way of gaining entry into the gang.

Vigil also provides evidence that a woman could move from a lower status to a higher status in the gang. He discusses the case of a woman named Maria who started out as a "sexed in" member of the gang but eventually gained a higher status through her involvement in criminal activities and her willingness to stand up to rival gang members. This demonstrates that women in gangs have the potential to move up in status based on their actions and behavior within the gang.

Overall, Vigil's research suggests that the status difference between women initiated into gangs for their toughness versus those who were "sexed in" is significant, with the former being seen as having a higher status. Additionally, his evidence shows that women in gangs have the ability to move from a lower status to a higher status based on their actions and involvement in criminal activities within the gang.

Question 4

The young women Miller interviewed noted that as a result of belonging to a mostly male gang, female gang members felt

Accepted Answer

A)  a heightened sense of excitement and thrill due to male adventurism and violent exploits. 
B)  a specific gendered sense of protection because male gang members will retaliate against other predatory males who may attack them. 
C)  awkward at times because they were expected to personally retaliate against other gangs but did not want to engage in violence. 
D)  expectation to behave as "ladies" at all times without having to prove their personal toughness. 
A)  a heightened sense of excitement and thrill due to male adventurism and violent exploits. 
B)  a specific gendered sense of protection because male gang members will retaliate against other predatory males who may attack them. 
C)  awkward at times because they were expected to personally retaliate against other gangs but did not want to engage in violence. 
D)  expectation to behave as "ladies" at all times without having to prove their personal toughness.

Question 5

Miller reports that women may have had greater flexibility in their gang involvement due to

Accepted Answer

A)  fact that women had to stay back at the gang location to defend it against attack. 
B)  fact that women were not expected to commit serious crime or violent acts because such acts and traits were seen as primarily masculine in nature. 
C)  greater intelligence generally shown by women and resulting respect from men. 
D)  lack of physical size which meant females could not be equals of rival gang members if attacked. 
A)  fact that women had to stay back at the gang location to defend it against attack. 
B)  fact that women were not expected to commit serious crime or violent acts because such acts and traits were seen as primarily masculine in nature. 
C)  greater intelligence generally shown by women and resulting respect from men. 
D)  lack of physical size which meant females could not be equals of rival gang members if attacked.

Question 6

Describe and explain several ways in which gender impacts women's roles and status in gangs, both positively and negatively. Do you think women do or do not have a lesser status in gangs than their male counterparts? Present some of the evidence Miller offers to argue both sides of this question.

Accepted Answer

Gender plays a significant role in shapi

Question 7

Women had a second route to status within gangs that was less available to men:

Accepted Answer

A)  becoming trusted liaison officer for contact with other gangs throughout state, region or even nation. 
B)  being sexually permissive and available to male gang members. 
C)  connections as sisters, girlfriends, and family to high status men. 
D)  intelligence as shown by ability to plan crimes and attacks on rival gangs. 
A)  becoming trusted liaison officer for contact with other gangs throughout state, region or even nation. 
B)  being sexually permissive and available to male gang members. 
C)  connections as sisters, girlfriends, and family to high status men. 
D)  intelligence as shown by ability to plan crimes and attacks on rival gangs.

Question 8

Discuss the ironic fact Miller points out regarding how male and female gang members see gangs as providing them with protection from violence, yet their involvement actually increases their exposure to victimization. Why do you think this contradiction is not more apparent or self-evident to gang members themselves? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Miller points out the ironic fact that m

Question 9

Like their male counterparts, female gang members recognized they could become subject themselves to violence as a result of being

Accepted Answer

A)  special honorary members of the fraternity. 
B)  targets of police and community efforts to curtail crime. 
C)  targets of rival gangs and having to submit to violence through gang initiations and physical punishment for breaking gang rules. 
D)  women because easy targets for retaliation. 
A)  special honorary members of the fraternity. 
B)  targets of police and community efforts to curtail crime. 
C)  targets of rival gangs and having to submit to violence through gang initiations and physical punishment for breaking gang rules. 
D)  women because easy targets for retaliation.

Question 10

Miller points out the irony that while members claim one thing they get out of gangs is a sense of protection in fact gang involvement itself

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases exposure to victimization risk although does suggest willingness to be victimized if needed. 
B)  decreases social status within the community and involves social rejection. 
C)  increases exposure to victimization risk and even suggests a willingness to be victimized. 
D)  provides several additional positives such as social support and opportunities for interaction. 
A)  decreases exposure to victimization risk although does suggest willingness to be victimized if needed. 
B)  decreases social status within the community and involves social rejection. 
C)  increases exposure to victimization risk and even suggests a willingness to be victimized. 
D)  provides several additional positives such as social support and opportunities for interaction.

Question 11

Some girls (but not boys) within gangs could be "sexed in" with the result that women in the gang as a whole were

Accepted Answer

A)  devalued and disempowered: girls reminded they were lesser members and that unlike boys they could become victims of sexual exploitation. 
B)  Miller's interview data does not permit speculation on this matter. 
C)  none: one's status in gang depends solely on individual qualities not gender. 
D)  variable: girls who chose being sexed in were devalued but not true of girls who sought initiation by running the gauntlet. 
A)  devalued and disempowered: girls reminded they were lesser members and that unlike boys they could become victims of sexual exploitation. 
B)  Miller's interview data does not permit speculation on this matter. 
C)  none: one's status in gang depends solely on individual qualities not gender. 
D)  variable: girls who chose being sexed in were devalued but not true of girls who sought initiation by running the gauntlet.

Exam 35: Gender and Victimization Risk Among Young Women in Gangs

Status hierarchies within gangs studied by Miller could be described as

Desirable qualities of high status gang members and leaders consisted of

Discuss the status difference between women that were initiated into gangs for their toughness versus women who were "sexed in." Which status is higher? Is evidence provided by Miller that a woman could move from a lower status to a higher status in the gang?

The young women Miller interviewed noted that as a result of belonging to a mostly male gang, female gang members felt

Miller reports that women may have had greater flexibility in their gang involvement due to

Describe and explain several ways in which gender impacts women's roles and status in gangs, both positively and negatively. Do you think women do or do not have a lesser status in gangs than their male counterparts? Present some of the evidence Miller offers to argue both sides of this question.

Women had a second route to status within gangs that was less available to men:

Like their male counterparts, female gang members recognized they could become subject themselves to violence as a result of being

Miller points out the irony that while members claim one thing they get out of gangs is a sense of protection in fact gang involvement itself

Some girls (but not boys) within gangs could be "sexed in" with the result that women in the gang as a whole were

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