Question 1

Men who cheer engage in all of the following hypermasculine face-saving techniques EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasize masculine nature of the sport: aggression and toughness. 
B)  territoriality. 
C)  "doing" male gender roles by having masculine hobbies. 
D)  sexual objectification of female cheerleaders. 
A)  emphasize masculine nature of the sport: aggression and toughness. 
B)  territoriality. 
C)  "doing" male gender roles by having masculine hobbies. 
D)  sexual objectification of female cheerleaders. C

Question 2

Bemiller reports the following two themes from her study of men who cheer

Accepted Answer

A)  society's rejection of cheerleading as a "real" sport and issues of sexual identity. 
B)  stigma from being a male cheerleader and face-saving strategies. 
C)  face-saving techniques and problems learning the physical skills of cheerleading. 
D)  stigma from being a male cheerleader and problems of sexual identity and orientation. 
A)  society's rejection of cheerleading as a "real" sport and issues of sexual identity. 
B)  stigma from being a male cheerleader and face-saving strategies. 
C)  face-saving techniques and problems learning the physical skills of cheerleading. 
D)  stigma from being a male cheerleader and problems of sexual identity and orientation. B

Question 3

An interesting "sub-finding" to Bemiller's study is that women cheerleaders seem to not only recognize the stigma faced by their male counterparts but in fact actively cooperate and provide support (unacknowledged?) to their male colleagues in their face-saving responses. Discuss the implications of this for understanding "doing gender" for mean and women.

Accepted Answer

The finding that women cheerleaders actively cooperate and provide support to their male counterparts in their face-saving responses has significant implications for understanding "doing gender" for both men and women. This behavior challenges traditional gender norms and expectations, as it goes against the stereotype that women should compete with men and not support them in traditionally male-dominated spaces.

For men, this finding challenges the notion that they must always uphold a tough and stoic facade, especially in environments where they may face stigma or ridicule for not conforming to traditional masculine norms. It suggests that there is potential for men to receive support and understanding from their female colleagues, which can help to alleviate the pressure to constantly perform a hyper-masculine identity.

For women, this finding challenges the idea that they should only compete with men and not provide support or cooperation. It highlights the potential for women to actively challenge and disrupt traditional gender dynamics by offering support and understanding to their male counterparts, ultimately contributing to a more inclusive and supportive environment for all genders.

Overall, this "sub-finding" suggests that there is potential for both men and women to challenge and redefine traditional gender roles and expectations in male-dominated spaces, ultimately contributing to a more nuanced and inclusive understanding of "doing gender" for both men and women.

Question 4

Describe and discuss how the construction of masculinity is achieved the sexual objectification by men who cheer. Give examples and explain fully.

Accepted Answer

The construction of masculinity through

Question 5

Discuss the reasons Bemiller offers that men who participate in cheerleading face stigma from others (and themselves!). What are some of the ways that men respond to such challenges through hypermasculine face-saving techniques? Do you think the climate for more diverse gender role participation is changing in contemporary society (for example, discussion and support for gay/lesbian rights such as marriage or civil unions) or would be different for men on your college campus? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Bemiller offers several reasons why men

Question 6

Bemiller reports that the men in his study engaged in face-saving behavior because

Accepted Answer

A)  they do not perform proper cheerleading techniques correctly. 
B)  they cannot "put on" the same game faces or expressions as women do when they cheer. 
C)  they do not possess the requisite cheerleading skills acquired by females through their long years of practice. 
D)  they don't "do gender" correctly due to participation in a female-dominated sport. 
A)  they do not perform proper cheerleading techniques correctly. 
B)  they cannot "put on" the same game faces or expressions as women do when they cheer. 
C)  they do not possess the requisite cheerleading skills acquired by females through their long years of practice. 
D)  they don't "do gender" correctly due to participation in a female-dominated sport.

Question 7

Men who participate in cheerleading are likely to encounter stigma for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  confusion about one's sexual identity, poor academic performance, social isolation from peers. 
B)  challenge to heterosexual identity due to external labels of "homosexuality" applied to male cheerleaders. 
C)  participation in a female sport. 
D)  challenge to heterosexual identity due to internalized stereotypes of men who cheer as gay. 
A)  confusion about one's sexual identity, poor academic performance, social isolation from peers. 
B)  challenge to heterosexual identity due to external labels of "homosexuality" applied to male cheerleaders. 
C)  participation in a female sport. 
D)  challenge to heterosexual identity due to internalized stereotypes of men who cheer as gay.

Question 8

Men who cheer possess a potentially "discreditable" identity because of the

Accepted Answer

A)  realization that due to little prior training they may not be able to measure up to the high standards of the sport. 
B)  fact that not all sports are considered equal. 
C)  huge time demands required for successful performance in cheerleading. 
D)  stigma connected with participation in a female sport. 
A)  realization that due to little prior training they may not be able to measure up to the high standards of the sport. 
B)  fact that not all sports are considered equal. 
C)  huge time demands required for successful performance in cheerleading. 
D)  stigma connected with participation in a female sport.

Question 9

The following research methods apply to Bemiller's study of cheerleading

Accepted Answer

A)  a participant observation study of one public university's entire athletic season including attendance and observation of cheerleaders at all sporting events. 
B)  subjects recruited from several public universities' cheerleading squads using a snowball sampling technique, focus groups, and interviews. 
C)  subjects recruited from one public university's cheerleading squad using convenience sampling, focus groups, and interviews. 
D)  a national sample of university cheerleading squads using random sampling techniques and a survey questionnaire. 
A)  a participant observation study of one public university's entire athletic season including attendance and observation of cheerleaders at all sporting events. 
B)  subjects recruited from several public universities' cheerleading squads using a snowball sampling technique, focus groups, and interviews. 
C)  subjects recruited from one public university's cheerleading squad using convenience sampling, focus groups, and interviews. 
D)  a national sample of university cheerleading squads using random sampling techniques and a survey questionnaire.

Exam 28: Men Who Cheer

Men who cheer engage in all of the following hypermasculine face-saving techniques EXCEPT

Bemiller reports the following two themes from her study of men who cheer

Describe and discuss how the construction of masculinity is achieved the sexual objectification by men who cheer. Give examples and explain fully.

Bemiller reports that the men in his study engaged in face-saving behavior because

Men who participate in cheerleading are likely to encounter stigma for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Men who cheer possess a potentially "discreditable" identity because of the

The following research methods apply to Bemiller's study of cheerleading

On the Sociology of Deviance

An Integrated Typology of Deviance Applied to Ten Middle-Class Norms

Labeling Theory

The Morality of Deviance

Social Power: Conflict Theory of Crime

Functionalism: The Normal and the Pathological

Social Structure and Anomie

Differential Association

Control Theory

Feminist Theory

The Constructionist Stance

Child Abuse Reporting

Survey of Sexual Behavior of Americans

Researching Dealers and Smugglers

The Social Construction of Drug Scares

Blowing Smoke: Status Politics and the Smoking Ban

Failure to Launch: Why Do Some Moral Panics Fail to Detonate Moral Panics

Gender, Race, and Urban Policing

Homophobia and Womens Sport

The Mark of a Criminal Record

The Saints and the Roughnecks

Doctors Autonomy and Power

The Adoption and Management of a Fat Identity

Becoming Bisexual

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia

Convicted Rapists Vocabulary of Motive

The Devil Made Me Do It: Use of Neutralizations

Negotiating White Power Activist Stigma

Fitting in and Fighting Back: Homeless Kids Stigma Management Strategies

Collective Stigma Management and Shame: Avowal, Management, and Contestation

Drug Use and Disordered Eating Among College Women

Cyber Communities of Self-Injury

Cooks Are Like Gods: Hierarchies in Methamphetamine-Producing Groups

Gender and Victimization Risk Among Young Women in Gangs

International Organized Crime

War Profiteering: Iraq and Halliburton

Autoerotic Sexual Asphyxia

Trading Sex for Crack: Gender and Power

Show Me the Money: Cybershrews and On-Line Money Masochists

Sexual Assault on Campus

Opportunity Structures for White-Collar Crime

Deciding to Commit a Burglary

Gay Male Christian Couples and Sexual Exclusivity

Pimp-Controlled Prostitution

Shifts and Oscillations in Upper-Level Drug Traffickers Careers

Obstacles to Exiting Emotional Disorder Identities

Filters