Question 1

To develop expertise at something,what type of practice do you need?​

Accepted Answer

A) Practice of just one skill or activity per day 
B) ​Long but infrequent practice sessions 
C) ​Practice with feedback about success 
D) ​Practice that concentrates on improving what you already do well 
A) Practice of just one skill or activity per day 
B) ​Long but infrequent practice sessions 
C) ​Practice with feedback about success 
D) ​Practice that concentrates on improving what you already do well

Question 2

For which of the following games would an algorithm be most helpful?​

Accepted Answer

A) Basketball 
B) ​Tic-tac-toe 
C) ​Tennis 
D) ​A marathon race 
A) Basketball 
B) ​Tic-tac-toe 
C) ​Tennis 
D) ​A marathon race

Question 3

What do the language errors of 2- to 3-year-old children reveal?​

Accepted Answer

A) They are mostly trying to repeat what they heard their parents say. 
B) ​They apply grammatical rules for forming plurals and past tense. 
C) ​They never use a word until they are sure of its correct meaning. 
D) ​They learn the meanings of prepositions and adverbs before nouns or verbs. 
A) They are mostly trying to repeat what they heard their parents say. 
B) ​They apply grammatical rules for forming plurals and past tense. 
C) ​They never use a word until they are sure of its correct meaning. 
D) ​They learn the meanings of prepositions and adverbs before nouns or verbs.

Question 4

​If you see the word YELLOW written in blue ink,it is easier to say "yellow" than "blue." What instruction might cause you to respond more readily to blue instead?

Accepted Answer

A) Say the word as quickly as possible. 
B) ​Close your left eye and then read the word. 
C) ​Clench your fist and then read the word. 
D) ​Point to the colored block that matches the word. 
A) Say the word as quickly as possible. 
B) ​Close your left eye and then read the word. 
C) ​Clench your fist and then read the word. 
D) ​Point to the colored block that matches the word.

Question 5

Because you can easily think of examples of dishonest politicians,you might conclude that dishonesty is common among politicians.Reasoning of this type is an example of what?​

Accepted Answer

A) The availability heuristic 
B) ​The framing effect 
C) ​The maximizing strategy 
D) ​The law of effect 
A) The availability heuristic 
B) ​The framing effect 
C) ​The maximizing strategy 
D) ​The law of effect

Question 6

​What evidence OPPOSES the idea that humans evolved language as a by-product of brain size?

Accepted Answer

A) Human brains are larger than those of chimpanzees. 
B) ​Dolphins and whales do not have language. 
C) ​Brain damage sometimes impairs people's ability to use language. 
D) ​Older children show greater language abilities than younger children. 
A) Human brains are larger than those of chimpanzees. 
B) ​Dolphins and whales do not have language. 
C) ​Brain damage sometimes impairs people's ability to use language. 
D) ​Older children show greater language abilities than younger children.

Question 7

If you hear an ambiguous word (it could have been dent or tent),your perception of what you hear depends on what?​

Accepted Answer

A) Which word (dent or tent) is more familiar to you 
B) ​The context of the entire paragraph 
C) ​The words before the ambiguous word and three or four words after it 
D) ​Just the single word before the ambiguous word 
A) Which word (dent or tent) is more familiar to you 
B) ​The context of the entire paragraph 
C) ​The words before the ambiguous word and three or four words after it 
D) ​Just the single word before the ambiguous word

Question 8

​What is "change blindness"?

Accepted Answer

A) A period of decreased vision while you move your eyes 
B) ​Failure to notice a change in a complex scene 
C) ​Impaired visual perception after a traumatic experience 
D) ​Improved hearing by people after they become blind 
A) A period of decreased vision while you move your eyes 
B) ​Failure to notice a change in a complex scene 
C) ​Impaired visual perception after a traumatic experience 
D) ​Improved hearing by people after they become blind

Question 9

Which of these would you probably find by an "attentive" process?​

Accepted Answer

A) A yellow book on a shelf of otherwise black books 
B) ​A book that someone dropped, that hit you on your foot 
C) ​A very large book among several small books 
D) ​A misspelled word on a page in a book 
A) A yellow book on a shelf of otherwise black books 
B) ​A book that someone dropped, that hit you on your foot 
C) ​A very large book among several small books 
D) ​A misspelled word on a page in a book

Question 10

Transformational grammar is a system for doing what?​

Accepted Answer

A) Translating one language into another 
B) ​Converting a meaning into a sentence 
C) ​Changing present tense into past tense 
D) ​Communicating with a preverbal infant 
A) Translating one language into another 
B) ​Converting a meaning into a sentence 
C) ​Changing present tense into past tense 
D) ​Communicating with a preverbal infant

Question 11

​According to the conceptual network approach,which of the following questions should most people answer most rapidly?

Accepted Answer

A) Do porcupines have lungs? 
B) ​Do porcupines have quills? 
C) ​Do porcupines drink water? 
D) ​Are porcupines made of carbon compounds? 
A) Do porcupines have lungs? 
B) ​Do porcupines have quills? 
C) ​Do porcupines drink water? 
D) ​Are porcupines made of carbon compounds?

Question 12

When does the representativeness heuristic lead to an incorrect conclusion?​

Accepted Answer

A) When it is more important to choose high quality than low price 
B) ​When we are dealing with a category that is easy to define 
C) ​When we overlook base-rate information 
D) ​When we are making a decision based on much information 
A) When it is more important to choose high quality than low price 
B) ​When we are dealing with a category that is easy to define 
C) ​When we overlook base-rate information 
D) ​When we are making a decision based on much information

Question 13

Because it is easy to think of examples of bad driving,most people overestimate how many people are bad drivers.Which of the following tendencies is influencing their thinking?​

Accepted Answer

A) The framing effect 
B) ​The sunk cost effect 
C) ​The representativeness heuristic 
D) ​The availability heuristic 
A) The framing effect 
B) ​The sunk cost effect 
C) ​The representativeness heuristic 
D) ​The availability heuristic

Question 14

What does the "language acquisition device" do?​

Accepted Answer

A) It helps people with brain damage communicate. 
B) ​It measures brain activity during speech. 
C) ​It stores words in short-term memory while someone plans a sentence. 
D) ​It helps young children develop language. 
A) It helps people with brain damage communicate. 
B) ​It measures brain activity during speech. 
C) ​It stores words in short-term memory while someone plans a sentence. 
D) ​It helps young children develop language.

Question 15

What is the best evidence for the necessity of learning language early in life?​

Accepted Answer

A) Many children who live in bilingual neighborhoods learn both languages well. 
B) ​Many children who are slow to learn language are slow to learn other things too. 
C) ​People with Alzheimer's disease often remember the songs they knew in childhood. 
D) ​Deaf children who learn no language by age 12 are poor at learning language later. 
A) Many children who live in bilingual neighborhoods learn both languages well. 
B) ​Many children who are slow to learn language are slow to learn other things too. 
C) ​People with Alzheimer's disease often remember the songs they knew in childhood. 
D) ​Deaf children who learn no language by age 12 are poor at learning language later.

Question 16

​You most often rely on an algorithm in what type of situation?

Accepted Answer

A) When it is important to find the best possible answer 
B) ​When we rely on System 1 thinking 
C) ​When it is unrealistic to test every hypothesis 
D) ​When a question is vague or poorly defined 
A) When it is important to find the best possible answer 
B) ​When we rely on System 1 thinking 
C) ​When it is unrealistic to test every hypothesis 
D) ​When a question is vague or poorly defined

Question 17

What are your eyes doing when you read a word?​

Accepted Answer

A) You can read during either a fixation or a saccade. 
B) ​You can read only during a saccade. 
C) ​You can read only during a fixation. 
D) ​You can read only during the period between a saccade and a fixation. 
A) You can read during either a fixation or a saccade. 
B) ​You can read only during a saccade. 
C) ​You can read only during a fixation. 
D) ​You can read only during the period between a saccade and a fixation.

Question 18

For treating ADHD,how does the effectiveness of behavior therapy compare to stimulant drugs?​

Accepted Answer

A) Behavior therapy helps at first, but stimulant drugs are better for long-term treatment.​ 
B) ​Behavior therapy reduces impulsiveness, but has no other benefit. 
C) ​Behavior therapy is more helpful for social skills and academic performance. 
D) ​Behavior therapy is no better than a placebo for treating ADHD. 
A) Behavior therapy helps at first, but stimulant drugs are better for long-term treatment.​ 
B) ​Behavior therapy reduces impulsiveness, but has no other benefit. 
C) ​Behavior therapy is more helpful for social skills and academic performance. 
D) ​Behavior therapy is no better than a placebo for treating ADHD.

Question 19

Why do cognitive psychologists seldom rely on asking people to describe their thought processes?​

Accepted Answer

A) Asking people about their thought processes would violate privacy laws. 
B) ​It is easier to measure reaction times. 
C) ​People don't always know their own thought processes. 
D) ​Cognitive psychologists are interested mainly in preverbal children. 
A) Asking people about their thought processes would violate privacy laws. 
B) ​It is easier to measure reaction times. 
C) ​People don't always know their own thought processes. 
D) ​Cognitive psychologists are interested mainly in preverbal children.

Question 20

​You most often rely on heuristics in what type of situation?

Accepted Answer

A) When dealing with simple mathematical problems 
B) ​When it is important to choose the best possible answer 
C) ​When it is unrealistic to test every hypothesis 
D) ​When you are engaged in System 2 thinking 
A) When dealing with simple mathematical problems 
B) ​When it is important to choose the best possible answer 
C) ​When it is unrealistic to test every hypothesis 
D) ​When you are engaged in System 2 thinking

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

To develop expertise at something,what type of practice do you need?​

For which of the following games would an algorithm be most helpful?​

What do the language errors of 2- to 3-year-old children reveal?​

​If you see the word YELLOW written in blue ink,it is easier to say "yellow" than "blue." What instruction might cause you to respond more readily to blue instead?

Because you can easily think of examples of dishonest politicians,you might conclude that dishonesty is common among politicians.Reasoning of this type is an example of what?​

​What evidence OPPOSES the idea that humans evolved language as a by-product of brain size?

If you hear an ambiguous word (it could have been dent or tent),your perception of what you hear depends on what?​

​What is "change blindness"?

Which of these would you probably find by an "attentive" process?​

Transformational grammar is a system for doing what?​

​According to the conceptual network approach,which of the following questions should most people answer most rapidly?

When does the representativeness heuristic lead to an incorrect conclusion?​

Because it is easy to think of examples of bad driving,most people overestimate how many people are bad drivers.Which of the following tendencies is influencing their thinking?​

What does the "language acquisition device" do?​

What is the best evidence for the necessity of learning language early in life?​

​You most often rely on an algorithm in what type of situation?

What are your eyes doing when you read a word?​

For treating ADHD,how does the effectiveness of behavior therapy compare to stimulant drugs?​

Why do cognitive psychologists seldom rely on asking people to describe their thought processes?​

​You most often rely on heuristics in what type of situation?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

To develop expertise at something,what type of practice do you need?

For which of the following games would an algorithm be most helpful?

What do the language errors of 2- to 3-year-old children reveal?

If you see the word YELLOW written in blue ink,it is easier to say "yellow" than "blue." What instruction might cause you to respond more readily to blue instead?

Because you can easily think of examples of dishonest politicians,you might conclude that dishonesty is common among politicians.Reasoning of this type is an example of what?

What evidence OPPOSES the idea that humans evolved language as a by-product of brain size?

If you hear an ambiguous word (it could have been dent or tent),your perception of what you hear depends on what?

What is "change blindness"?

Which of these would you probably find by an "attentive" process?

Transformational grammar is a system for doing what?

According to the conceptual network approach,which of the following questions should most people answer most rapidly?

When does the representativeness heuristic lead to an incorrect conclusion?

Because it is easy to think of examples of bad driving,most people overestimate how many people are bad drivers.Which of the following tendencies is influencing their thinking?

What does the "language acquisition device" do?

What is the best evidence for the necessity of learning language early in life?

You most often rely on an algorithm in what type of situation?

What are your eyes doing when you read a word?

For treating ADHD,how does the effectiveness of behavior therapy compare to stimulant drugs?

Why do cognitive psychologists seldom rely on asking people to describe their thought processes?

You most often rely on heuristics in what type of situation?