Question 1

If you need something to stir your soup and you overlook the possibility of using a paintbrush, what tendency have you demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

A) Overlooking base-rate information 
B) ​Maximizing strategy 
C) Framing effect​ 
D) ​Functional fixedness 
A) Overlooking base-rate information 
B) ​Maximizing strategy 
C) Framing effect​ 
D) ​Functional fixedness

Question 2

​What does the stop-signal task measure?

Accepted Answer

A) Your ability to inhibit a response 
B) ​Your ability to do two things at the same time 
C) ​Your ability to notice changes between two similar, complex scenes 
D) ​Your preference between a small reward now and a larger one later 
A) Your ability to inhibit a response 
B) ​Your ability to do two things at the same time 
C) ​Your ability to notice changes between two similar, complex scenes 
D) ​Your preference between a small reward now and a larger one later

Question 3

Which of the following has the greatest effect on how fast a child acquires language?​

Accepted Answer

A) How much time the child spends watching television 
B) ​How much time the parents spend talking with the child 
C) ​How often the child hears other children talk 
D) ​Maturation 
A) How much time the child spends watching television 
B) ​How much time the parents spend talking with the child 
C) ​How often the child hears other children talk 
D) ​Maturation

Question 4

If a category is hard to define,like "country music," how do we decide what items fit that category?

Accepted Answer

A) We compare an item to some prototypes of that category. 
B) ​We write a definition that fits the items we want to include in the category. 
C) ​We abandon that category and develop new categories. 
D) ​We select items at random to include in the category. 
A) We compare an item to some prototypes of that category. 
B) ​We write a definition that fits the items we want to include in the category. 
C) ​We abandon that category and develop new categories. 
D) ​We select items at random to include in the category.

Question 5

Under which of these circumstances would you probably shift to "System 1" thinking?​

Accepted Answer

A) If you were not sure you understand the question 
B) ​If you knew you had previously answered the same question incorrectly 
C) ​If your working memory were fully occupied 
D) ​If you felt well rested 
A) If you were not sure you understand the question 
B) ​If you knew you had previously answered the same question incorrectly 
C) ​If your working memory were fully occupied 
D) ​If you felt well rested

Question 6

​Which condition is marked by relatively normal language despite mental retardation in other ways?

Accepted Answer

A) Williams syndrome 
B) ​Wernicke's aphasia 
C) ​Broca's aphasia 
D) ​Tourette syndrome 
A) Williams syndrome 
B) ​Wernicke's aphasia 
C) ​Broca's aphasia 
D) ​Tourette syndrome

Question 7

​What is the likely disadvantage if you offer your customers too many choices?

Accepted Answer

A) They probably won't buy anything at all. 
B) ​They will not be interested in the product. 
C) ​They will make a choice without sufficiently considering all possibilities. 
D) ​They will make a choice but regret it later. 
A) They probably won't buy anything at all. 
B) ​They will not be interested in the product. 
C) ​They will make a choice without sufficiently considering all possibilities. 
D) ​They will make a choice but regret it later.

Question 8

"Change blindness" refers to which phenomenon?​

Accepted Answer

A) For a split second after responding to a stimulus, we fail to notice other interesting events. 
B) ​Many women report blurry vision for a day or two after giving birth. 
C) ​Visual sensitivity decreases sharply during a voluntary eye movement. 
D) ​We often fail to notice a small difference between two scenes. 
A) For a split second after responding to a stimulus, we fail to notice other interesting events. 
B) ​Many women report blurry vision for a day or two after giving birth. 
C) ​Visual sensitivity decreases sharply during a voluntary eye movement. 
D) ​We often fail to notice a small difference between two scenes.

Question 9

What is the relationship between "The movie was great" and "It was a great movie"?​

Accepted Answer

A) They have the same deep structure and different surface structures. 
B) ​They have the same surface structure and different deep structures. 
C) ​They have different deep structures and different surface structures. 
D) ​They have the same deep structure and the same surface structure. 
A) They have the same deep structure and different surface structures. 
B) ​They have the same surface structure and different deep structures. 
C) ​They have different deep structures and different surface structures. 
D) ​They have the same deep structure and the same surface structure.

Question 10

What does human language include that apparently no other species has?​

Accepted Answer

A) The ability to communicate from one individual to another 
B) ​The ability to refer to items remembered but not currently present 
C) ​The ability to use symbols to describe something without requesting it 
D) ​The ability to combine words to express an unlimited number of new ideas 
A) The ability to communicate from one individual to another 
B) ​The ability to refer to items remembered but not currently present 
C) ​The ability to use symbols to describe something without requesting it 
D) ​The ability to combine words to express an unlimited number of new ideas

Question 11

If you are trying to decide whether someone is reaching for his wallet (common)or reaching for a gun (rare),what should you consider?​

Accepted Answer

A) Base-rate information 
B) ​The maximizing strategy 
C) ​The framing effect 
D) ​Functional fixedness 
A) Base-rate information 
B) ​The maximizing strategy 
C) ​The framing effect 
D) ​Functional fixedness

Question 12

Which of these (if successful)would be an example of far transfer?​

Accepted Answer

A) Using crossword puzzles to improve old people's memory 
B) ​Quickly memorizing a set of chess pieces arranged randomly on the board 
C) ​Abandoning a familiar heuristic to develop a creative solution to a problem 
D) ​Improving recognition of melodies by prolonged practice of a musical instrument 
A) Using crossword puzzles to improve old people's memory 
B) ​Quickly memorizing a set of chess pieces arranged randomly on the board 
C) ​Abandoning a familiar heuristic to develop a creative solution to a problem 
D) ​Improving recognition of melodies by prolonged practice of a musical instrument

Question 13

An experimenter filled two jars with sugar.Participants then chose to label either jar "sucrose,table sugar" and the other jar "not sodium cyanide,not poison." Then the participants could use either jar to make Kool-Aid.What did the results indicate?​

Accepted Answer

A) People tend to prefer longer statements to shorter statements. 
B) ​People don't pay much attention to labels on products. 
C) ​People like adventure and excitement. 
D) ​People tend to distrust negative statements. 
A) People tend to prefer longer statements to shorter statements. 
B) ​People don't pay much attention to labels on products. 
C) ​People like adventure and excitement. 
D) ​People tend to distrust negative statements.

Question 14

Which of the following would be a good prototype of "athlete"?​

Accepted Answer

A) Chess champion 
B) ​Basketball fan 
C) ​Olympic champion 
D) ​Couch potato 
A) Chess champion 
B) ​Basketball fan 
C) ​Olympic champion 
D) ​Couch potato

Question 15

​Research on "choice blindness" supports which of these conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A) The reason people give for a decision may have been made up afterward. 
B) ​After people have made a decision, they do not want to hear additional information. 
C) ​People who listen to too much advice have trouble making a decision. 
D) ​A decision that someone makes quickly is as good as one based on deliberation. 
A) The reason people give for a decision may have been made up afterward. 
B) ​After people have made a decision, they do not want to hear additional information. 
C) ​People who listen to too much advice have trouble making a decision. 
D) ​A decision that someone makes quickly is as good as one based on deliberation.

Question 16

Most adults reading English can identify about how many letters in one fixation?​

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) ​7 plus or minus 2 
C) ​11 
D) ​22 
A) 1 
B) ​7 plus or minus 2 
C) ​11 
D) ​22

Question 17

​According to the conceptual network approach,we learn that a canary (which has some distinctive features)is a kind of bird (which has more general features),which is a kind of animal (which has still more general features).What evidence supports this view?

Accepted Answer

A) After you answer that a canary has skin, you would also say that a canary has hair. 
B) ​You would have trouble answering questions about unfamiliar birds such as quetzals. 
C) ​When answering questions about canaries, you are slowest when trying to be accurate. 
D) ​You can answer faster whether canaries are yellow than whether they have skin. 
A) After you answer that a canary has skin, you would also say that a canary has hair. 
B) ​You would have trouble answering questions about unfamiliar birds such as quetzals. 
C) ​When answering questions about canaries, you are slowest when trying to be accurate. 
D) ​You can answer faster whether canaries are yellow than whether they have skin.

Question 18

If you want people to trust you,which of the following would be the best way to say it?​

Accepted Answer

A) I promise I am telling the truth. 
B) ​I would not lie to you. 
C) ​Don't believe anyone who says I am lying. 
D) ​I promise this is not a lie. 
A) I promise I am telling the truth. 
B) ​I would not lie to you. 
C) ​Don't believe anyone who says I am lying. 
D) ​I promise this is not a lie.

Question 19

When do children begin to say phrases and word combinations that they have not heard before?​

Accepted Answer

A) As soon as they start linking two words together 
B) ​As soon as they start producing complete sentences 
C) ​About six months after they start producing complete sentences 
D) ​By about age 5 or 6 years 
A) As soon as they start linking two words together 
B) ​As soon as they start producing complete sentences 
C) ​About six months after they start producing complete sentences 
D) ​By about age 5 or 6 years

Question 20

​Suppose a restaurant has an eight-page menu.Which of the following is probable?

Accepted Answer

A) Maximizers will have a hard time deciding on anything. 
B) ​Maximizers will make a poor choice. 
C) ​Maximizers will choose quickly and enjoy their choice. 
D) ​Satisficers will have a hard time deciding on anything, and will regret their choice. 
A) Maximizers will have a hard time deciding on anything. 
B) ​Maximizers will make a poor choice. 
C) ​Maximizers will choose quickly and enjoy their choice. 
D) ​Satisficers will have a hard time deciding on anything, and will regret their choice.

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

If you need something to stir your soup and you overlook the possibility of using a paintbrush, what tendency have you demonstrated?

​What does the stop-signal task measure?

Which of the following has the greatest effect on how fast a child acquires language?​

If a category is hard to define,like "country music," how do we decide what items fit that category?

Under which of these circumstances would you probably shift to "System 1" thinking?​

​Which condition is marked by relatively normal language despite mental retardation in other ways?

​What is the likely disadvantage if you offer your customers too many choices?

"Change blindness" refers to which phenomenon?​

What is the relationship between "The movie was great" and "It was a great movie"?​

What does human language include that apparently no other species has?​

If you are trying to decide whether someone is reaching for his wallet (common)or reaching for a gun (rare),what should you consider?​

Which of these (if successful)would be an example of far transfer?​

An experimenter filled two jars with sugar.Participants then chose to label either jar "sucrose,table sugar" and the other jar "not sodium cyanide,not poison." Then the participants could use either jar to make Kool-Aid.What did the results indicate?​

Which of the following would be a good prototype of "athlete"?​

​Research on "choice blindness" supports which of these conclusions?

Most adults reading English can identify about how many letters in one fixation?​

​According to the conceptual network approach,we learn that a canary (which has some distinctive features)is a kind of bird (which has more general features),which is a kind of animal (which has still more general features).What evidence supports this view?

If you want people to trust you,which of the following would be the best way to say it?​

When do children begin to say phrases and word combinations that they have not heard before?​

​Suppose a restaurant has an eight-page menu.Which of the following is probable?

What Is Psychology

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A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

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Sensation and Perception

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Development

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Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

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Social Psychologysocial Psychology

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Filters

What does the stop-signal task measure?

Which of the following has the greatest effect on how fast a child acquires language?

Under which of these circumstances would you probably shift to "System 1" thinking?

Which condition is marked by relatively normal language despite mental retardation in other ways?

What is the likely disadvantage if you offer your customers too many choices?

"Change blindness" refers to which phenomenon?

What is the relationship between "The movie was great" and "It was a great movie"?

What does human language include that apparently no other species has?

If you are trying to decide whether someone is reaching for his wallet (common)or reaching for a gun (rare),what should you consider?

Which of these (if successful)would be an example of far transfer?

An experimenter filled two jars with sugar.Participants then chose to label either jar "sucrose,table sugar" and the other jar "not sodium cyanide,not poison." Then the participants could use either jar to make Kool-Aid.What did the results indicate?

Which of the following would be a good prototype of "athlete"?

Research on "choice blindness" supports which of these conclusions?

Most adults reading English can identify about how many letters in one fixation?

According to the conceptual network approach,we learn that a canary (which has some distinctive features)is a kind of bird (which has more general features),which is a kind of animal (which has still more general features).What evidence supports this view?

If you want people to trust you,which of the following would be the best way to say it?

When do children begin to say phrases and word combinations that they have not heard before?

Suppose a restaurant has an eight-page menu.Which of the following is probable?