Question 1

What is a saccade?​

Accepted Answer

A) A unit of either meaning or grammar 
B) ​A series of brain waves in response to a meaningful phrase 
C) ​A voluntary eye movement 
D) ​A sentence with more than one deep structure 
A) A unit of either meaning or grammar 
B) ​A series of brain waves in response to a meaningful phrase 
C) ​A voluntary eye movement 
D) ​A sentence with more than one deep structure

Question 2

The "availability heuristic" is the tendency to assume which of the following?​

Accepted Answer

A) If you can easily think of examples of something, it must be common. 
B) ​The more expensive product is probably the higher-quality product. 
C) ​Anyone who seems too interested in dating you is probably flawed in some way. 
D) ​A medicine that is hard to pronounce is probably dangerous. 
A) If you can easily think of examples of something, it must be common. 
B) ​The more expensive product is probably the higher-quality product. 
C) ​Anyone who seems too interested in dating you is probably flawed in some way. 
D) ​A medicine that is hard to pronounce is probably dangerous.

Question 3

Which of the following is typical for good readers?​

Accepted Answer

A) They vary their speed of eye movements and often move their eyes backward. 
B) ​They maintain a steady speed of eye movements and don't look backward. 
C) ​They read more letters during saccades than during fixations. 
D) ​They vary their speed of eye movements but they don't move their eyes backward. 
A) They vary their speed of eye movements and often move their eyes backward. 
B) ​They maintain a steady speed of eye movements and don't look backward. 
C) ​They read more letters during saccades than during fixations. 
D) ​They vary their speed of eye movements but they don't move their eyes backward.

Question 4

​According to the conceptual network approach,which of the following questions should most people answer most rapidly?

Accepted Answer

A) Does ice cream taste sweet? 
B) ​Does ice cream have weight? 
C) ​Is ice cream made of molecules? 
D) ​Does ice cream have electrons? 
A) Does ice cream taste sweet? 
B) ​Does ice cream have weight? 
C) ​Is ice cream made of molecules? 
D) ​Does ice cream have electrons?

Question 5

​If you associate SALUTE with FLAG,then hearing SALUTE will temporarily increase how likely you are to think of the word FLAG.Which concept tries to explain that tendency?

Accepted Answer

A) Depth of processing 
B) ​Base-rate information 
C) ​Spreading activation 
D) ​The framing effect 
A) Depth of processing 
B) ​Base-rate information 
C) ​Spreading activation 
D) ​The framing effect

Question 6

​​What is meant by "choice blindness"?

Accepted Answer

A) Making a choice without knowing the alternatives 
B) ​Making a choice while knowing the alternatives but not considering them seriously 
C) ​Making a choice and sticking with it despite evidence against it 
D) ​Acting as if you don't remember which choice you made 
A) Making a choice without knowing the alternatives 
B) ​Making a choice while knowing the alternatives but not considering them seriously 
C) ​Making a choice and sticking with it despite evidence against it 
D) ​Acting as if you don't remember which choice you made

Question 7

You are to answer whether one object could be rotated until it matches another object.What determines how quickly you respond (when the answer is yes)?​

Accepted Answer

A) It depends on the distance between you and the objects. 
B) ​It depends on whether the answer to the previous question was "yes" or "no." 
C) ​It depends on how far you would have to rotate the object. 
D) ​It depends on whether the objects are small enough to hold. 
A) It depends on the distance between you and the objects. 
B) ​It depends on whether the answer to the previous question was "yes" or "no." 
C) ​It depends on how far you would have to rotate the object. 
D) ​It depends on whether the objects are small enough to hold.

Question 8

When chess experts tried to remember the positions of pieces on a chessboard,what happened?​

Accepted Answer

A) They remembered well only if the pieces were arranged in a logical way. 
B) ​They remembered well regardless of how the pieces were arranged. 
C) ​They remembered especially well if the pieces were arranged in a novel, unexpected way. 
D) ​They remembered well enough for a moment, but forgot within a few seconds. 
A) They remembered well only if the pieces were arranged in a logical way. 
B) ​They remembered well regardless of how the pieces were arranged. 
C) ​They remembered especially well if the pieces were arranged in a novel, unexpected way. 
D) ​They remembered well enough for a moment, but forgot within a few seconds.

Question 9

​For which of these questions would you probably use System 2 instead of System 1?

Accepted Answer

A) Who was Romeo's girlfriend? 
B) ​Which is colder, minus 30°C or minus 30°F? 
C) ​Do you know how to play a flute? 
D) ​Do you recognize the person in this photo? 
A) Who was Romeo's girlfriend? 
B) ​Which is colder, minus 30°C or minus 30°F? 
C) ​Do you know how to play a flute? 
D) ​Do you recognize the person in this photo?

Question 10

If you find something by a preattentive process,which of the following is true?​

Accepted Answer

A) It gains your attention slowly and gradually. 
B) ​It is similar to many other objects in the display. 
C) ​You find it as fast among many other objects as among a few. 
D) ​You find it by a top-down process. 
A) It gains your attention slowly and gradually. 
B) ​It is similar to many other objects in the display. 
C) ​You find it as fast among many other objects as among a few. 
D) ​You find it by a top-down process.

Question 11

If you are trying to decide whether something you see is a white pelican (common)or a flying saucer from outer space (rare),what should you consider?

Accepted Answer

A) The law of effect 
B) ​Base-rate information 
C) ​The availability heuristic 
D) ​The sunk cost effect 
A) The law of effect 
B) ​Base-rate information 
C) ​The availability heuristic 
D) ​The sunk cost effect

Question 12

​For learning a foreign language,does it matter when you start?

Accepted Answer

A) No, learning is just as good at any age. 
B) ​Yes, the best time is in early childhood. 
C) ​Yes, the best time is after a child learns good study habits. 
D) ​Yes, the best time is just after the start of puberty. 
A) No, learning is just as good at any age. 
B) ​Yes, the best time is in early childhood. 
C) ​Yes, the best time is after a child learns good study habits. 
D) ​Yes, the best time is just after the start of puberty.

Question 13

​What is meant by "far transfer"?

Accepted Answer

A) The use of practice to improve a skill that was already well developed 
B) ​Development of a skill by communicating over the Internet 
C) ​Improvement of a skill by practicing something very different 
D) ​Practicing a skill in long, infrequent sessions separated by long times 
A) The use of practice to improve a skill that was already well developed 
B) ​Development of a skill by communicating over the Internet 
C) ​Improvement of a skill by practicing something very different 
D) ​Practicing a skill in long, infrequent sessions separated by long times

Question 14

​Athletes,computer programmers,and weather forecasters improve with practice.Psychotherapists and political decision makers show less improvement with practice.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) Practice helps people who are dealing with physical events, not mental events. 
B) ​Practice is most important for people who are less well educated. 
C) ​Practice helps only if you get quick feedback about success or failure. 
D) ​Practice cannot improve performance for people already functioning at a high level. 
A) Practice helps people who are dealing with physical events, not mental events. 
B) ​Practice is most important for people who are less well educated. 
C) ​Practice helps only if you get quick feedback about success or failure. 
D) ​Practice cannot improve performance for people already functioning at a high level.

Question 15

After you cough a few times,you suddenly worry that you have lung cancer,instead of several more common reasons for coughing.What are you overlooking?​

Accepted Answer

A) Change blindness 
B) ​The maximizing strategy 
C) ​Base-rate information 
D) ​Heuristics 
A) Change blindness 
B) ​The maximizing strategy 
C) ​Base-rate information 
D) ​Heuristics

Question 16

Which of these is an example of an algorithm?​

Accepted Answer

A) "When in doubt on a multiple-choice question, choose the longest answer." 
B) ​"To convert inches to centimeters, multiply by 2.54." 
C) ​"When in doubt, assume that the more expensive product is the better one." 
D) ​"To guess which child is the oldest, choose the tallest." 
A) "When in doubt on a multiple-choice question, choose the longest answer." 
B) ​"To convert inches to centimeters, multiply by 2.54." 
C) ​"When in doubt, assume that the more expensive product is the better one." 
D) ​"To guess which child is the oldest, choose the tallest."

Question 17

If you hear a sound that is intermediate between dent and tent,what do you hear?​

Accepted Answer

A) Dent 
B) ​Either dent or tent, randomly 
C) ​Either dent or tent, depending on which word is more familiar to you 
D) ​Either dent or tent, depending on the context of the words around it 
A) Dent 
B) ​Either dent or tent, randomly 
C) ​Either dent or tent, depending on which word is more familiar to you 
D) ​Either dent or tent, depending on the context of the words around it

Question 18

​The Gardners' chimpanzee,Washoe,learned to communicate in what way?

Accepted Answer

A) By imitating human sounds 
B) ​By barking sounds at various rhythms 
C) ​By sign language 
D) ​By eye movements 
A) By imitating human sounds 
B) ​By barking sounds at various rhythms 
C) ​By sign language 
D) ​By eye movements

Question 19

Which of the following is true of young children's language learning?​

Accepted Answer

A) Talking to children in the first month of life accelerates their language progress. 
B) ​Young children start speaking earlier than they start understanding others' speech. 
C) ​Young children's speech consists entirely of memorizing phrases and repeating them. 
D) ​Even very young children appear to be applying rules of grammar. 
A) Talking to children in the first month of life accelerates their language progress. 
B) ​Young children start speaking earlier than they start understanding others' speech. 
C) ​Young children's speech consists entirely of memorizing phrases and repeating them. 
D) ​Even very young children appear to be applying rules of grammar.

Question 20

Which of these illustrates the word-superiority effect?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is easier to recognize the word CAR than the word JAR. 
B) ​Reading the word CAR primes you to read the word JAR. 
C) ​It is easier to see the difference between CAR and JAR than between C and J. 
D) ​In an article about roads, you might misread the word JAR as the word CAR. 
A) It is easier to recognize the word CAR than the word JAR. 
B) ​Reading the word CAR primes you to read the word JAR. 
C) ​It is easier to see the difference between CAR and JAR than between C and J. 
D) ​In an article about roads, you might misread the word JAR as the word CAR.

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

What is a saccade?​

The "availability heuristic" is the tendency to assume which of the following?​

Which of the following is typical for good readers?​

​According to the conceptual network approach,which of the following questions should most people answer most rapidly?

​If you associate SALUTE with FLAG,then hearing SALUTE will temporarily increase how likely you are to think of the word FLAG.Which concept tries to explain that tendency?

​​What is meant by "choice blindness"?

You are to answer whether one object could be rotated until it matches another object.What determines how quickly you respond (when the answer is yes)?​

When chess experts tried to remember the positions of pieces on a chessboard,what happened?​

​For which of these questions would you probably use System 2 instead of System 1?

If you find something by a preattentive process,which of the following is true?​

If you are trying to decide whether something you see is a white pelican (common)or a flying saucer from outer space (rare),what should you consider?

​For learning a foreign language,does it matter when you start?

​What is meant by "far transfer"?

​Athletes,computer programmers,and weather forecasters improve with practice.Psychotherapists and political decision makers show less improvement with practice.Why?

After you cough a few times,you suddenly worry that you have lung cancer,instead of several more common reasons for coughing.What are you overlooking?​

Which of these is an example of an algorithm?​

If you hear a sound that is intermediate between dent and tent,what do you hear?​

​The Gardners' chimpanzee,Washoe,learned to communicate in what way?

Which of the following is true of young children's language learning?​

Which of these illustrates the word-superiority effect?​

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

What is a saccade?

The "availability heuristic" is the tendency to assume which of the following?

Which of the following is typical for good readers?

According to the conceptual network approach,which of the following questions should most people answer most rapidly?

If you associate SALUTE with FLAG,then hearing SALUTE will temporarily increase how likely you are to think of the word FLAG.Which concept tries to explain that tendency?

What is meant by "choice blindness"?

You are to answer whether one object could be rotated until it matches another object.What determines how quickly you respond (when the answer is yes)?

When chess experts tried to remember the positions of pieces on a chessboard,what happened?

For which of these questions would you probably use System 2 instead of System 1?

If you find something by a preattentive process,which of the following is true?

For learning a foreign language,does it matter when you start?

What is meant by "far transfer"?

Athletes,computer programmers,and weather forecasters improve with practice.Psychotherapists and political decision makers show less improvement with practice.Why?

After you cough a few times,you suddenly worry that you have lung cancer,instead of several more common reasons for coughing.What are you overlooking?

Which of these is an example of an algorithm?

If you hear a sound that is intermediate between dent and tent,what do you hear?

The Gardners' chimpanzee,Washoe,learned to communicate in what way?

Which of the following is true of young children's language learning?

Which of these illustrates the word-superiority effect?