Exam 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy

According to Piaget, the earliest schemas are primarily limited to the __________ with which we are all born, such as sucking and rooting.

An approach to cognitive development that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and sort information is called the __________ approach.

Tertiary circular reactions differ from secondary circular reactions in that they __________.

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development comprises two scales. The __________ scale focuses on the senses, perception, memory, learning, problem solving, and language, while the __________ scale evaluates fine and gross motor skills.

Memory experiments have shown that even after two training sessions infants remember the association between __________ for up to a week later.

__________ is memory that is conscious and that can be recalled intentionally. In comparison, __________ is memory that is recalled unconsciously.

Claude gets his mother's attention by making a kind of grunting noise and then looks at the ball just out of his reach. Claude's attempt to communicate his desire for the ball is an example of __________.

Alfie calls for the "book" when he wants the menu in the neighborhood diner. Alfie's use of the word book to include the menu best illustrates which characterization of early speech?

Prelinguistic communication teaches infants __________.

Eighteen-month-old Joshua received a train set from his visiting grandmother. Joshua's grandmother set it up and demonstrated how to drive the train on the track while saying "chugga, chugga, choo, choo." Later that day, Joshua picked up a train piece and imitated the "chugga, chugga, choo, choo" sounds. Joshua's behavior places him in the __________ substage of the sensorimotor stage.

The brain's ability to grow, change, and create new connections between cells is known as __________.

Layla was 3 years old when her brother Cameron was born; however, she has no memory of the birth of her brother. This illustrates __________.

What are some of the major strengths and criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Deaf infants that are taught sign language babble with their __________.

Which of the following is a tertiary circular reaction?

In the nativist approach to language development, theorist Noam Chomsky suggests that an innate mechanism directs language development. This neural system is called a(n) __________.

Identify and describe the two scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development.

Developmental psychologist Arnold Gesell formulated a __________ that is an overall developmental score that relates to performance in four domains: motor skills, language use, adaptive behavior, and personal-social.

The overly restrictive use of words, common among children just mastering spoken language, is called __________.

Describe prelinguistic communication.