Question 1

Which of the following is not a part of the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive functions are most affected by the excess activity in the disinhibited mesolimbic pathway. 
B)  Early damage to the mesocortical pathway results in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 
C)  Hypofrontality results in a loss of inhibition of limbic structures, leading to positive symptoms. 
D)  The developmental event that causes the initial damage could be one of many factors; it is not a specific causal agent. 
A)  Cognitive functions are most affected by the excess activity in the disinhibited mesolimbic pathway. 
B)  Early damage to the mesocortical pathway results in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 
C)  Hypofrontality results in a loss of inhibition of limbic structures, leading to positive symptoms. 
D)  The developmental event that causes the initial damage could be one of many factors; it is not a specific causal agent. A

Question 2

Studies investigating the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion model show that lesioned rats exhibit _______ earlier and _______ later in development, and that _______ potentiates behavioral and biological outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative-like symptoms; positive-like symptoms; early stress 
B)  negative-like symptoms; enhanced stress responses; tetrodotoxin 
C)  positive-like symptoms; cognitive-like symptoms; antipsychotics 
D)  enhanced stress responses; impaired cognitive function; antipsychotics 
A)  negative-like symptoms; positive-like symptoms; early stress 
B)  negative-like symptoms; enhanced stress responses; tetrodotoxin 
C)  positive-like symptoms; cognitive-like symptoms; antipsychotics 
D)  enhanced stress responses; impaired cognitive function; antipsychotics A

Question 3

Results from CATIE, a blinded controlled study comparing multiple antipsychotics to replicate "real-world" prescriptions to a representative patient population, showed all of the following except that

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 75% of patients had to switch medications. 
B)  atypical drugs were no more effective than the classical neuroleptic. 
C)  the newer drugs did a better job of reducing cognitive symptoms. 
D)  the incidence of extrapyramidal symptom p s was the same for all drugs. 
A)  approximately 75% of patients had to switch medications. 
B)  atypical drugs were no more effective than the classical neuroleptic. 
C)  the newer drugs did a better job of reducing cognitive symptoms. 
D)  the incidence of extrapyramidal symptom p s was the same for all drugs. C

Question 4

The DISC1 gene codes for proteins _______ and polymorphisms in this gene are associated with _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  involved in monoamine synthesis; impairments in working memory 
B)  involved in intracellular transport and axon elongation; motor disturbances 
C)  involved in neurogenesis and neuronal migration; impairments in performance on the WCST 
D)  found in dendritic spines; enlarged ventricles 
A)  involved in monoamine synthesis; impairments in working memory 
B)  involved in intracellular transport and axon elongation; motor disturbances 
C)  involved in neurogenesis and neuronal migration; impairments in performance on the WCST 
D)  found in dendritic spines; enlarged ventricles

Question 5

All of the following are true of tardive dyskinesia (TD) except

Accepted Answer

A)  it occurs in about 10-20% of people treated with neuroleptic medications. 
B)  the cause of TD is not well understood, but it may be linked to excess dopamine receptors or a D1-D2 receptor imbalance. 
C)  the incidence of TD tends to decrease with increasing age of patients. 
D)  it is a motor side effect of neuroleptics that may be irreversible in some patients. 
A)  it occurs in about 10-20% of people treated with neuroleptic medications. 
B)  the cause of TD is not well understood, but it may be linked to excess dopamine receptors or a D1-D2 receptor imbalance. 
C)  the incidence of TD tends to decrease with increasing age of patients. 
D)  it is a motor side effect of neuroleptics that may be irreversible in some patients.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a subtype of schizophrenia, according to Kraepelin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Catatonic 
B)  Delusional 
C)  Undifferentiated 
D)  Paranoid 
A)  Catatonic 
B)  Delusional 
C)  Undifferentiated 
D)  Paranoid

Question 7

Which of the following are not structural changes observed in the brains of people with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduced volume of the temporal lobe and limbic structures 
B)  Shrinkage of the ventricles 
C)  Atrophy of selected cortical layers 
D)  Disorganized arrangement of hippocampal cells 
A)  Reduced volume of the temporal lobe and limbic structures 
B)  Shrinkage of the ventricles 
C)  Atrophy of selected cortical layers 
D)  Disorganized arrangement of hippocampal cells

Question 8

Which of the following is not a neuroendocrine side effect of the traditional antipsychotic medications?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breast enlargement 
B)  Lack of menstruation 
C)  Inhibition of growth hormone 
D)  Increased sex drive 
A)  Breast enlargement 
B)  Lack of menstruation 
C)  Inhibition of growth hormone 
D)  Increased sex drive

Question 9

Why are selective D2 receptor antagonists like sulpiride unacceptable as antipsychotic agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have common hormonal side effects. 
B)  Their effects on the autonomic nervous system are not tolerated well by patients. 
C)  They cause too much sedation. 
D)  They impact the cardiovascular system more than researchers had hoped. 
A)  They have common hormonal side effects. 
B)  Their effects on the autonomic nervous system are not tolerated well by patients. 
C)  They cause too much sedation. 
D)  They impact the cardiovascular system more than researchers had hoped.

Question 10

All of the following are advantages of clozapine treatment of schizophrenia except

Accepted Answer

A)  it works more quickly than the older medications. 
B)  it has a low incidence of motor side effects. 
C)  it helps about 60% of patients who do not respond to traditional medications. 
D)  it reduces negative symptoms of the disorder. 
A)  it works more quickly than the older medications. 
B)  it has a low incidence of motor side effects. 
C)  it helps about 60% of patients who do not respond to traditional medications. 
D)  it reduces negative symptoms of the disorder.

Question 11

Describe two preclinical models of schizophrenia: amphetamine-induced stereotypy and the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) model. Include a basic description of each model and evidence that supports their usefulness for understanding schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Amphetamine-induced stereotypy has been

Question 12

Doctors generally take into consideration all of the following side effects when choosing a particular antipsychotic drug for a schizophrenic patient except for

Accepted Answer

A)  sedation. 
B)  autonomic side effects. 
C)  hypotension. 
D)  abuse potential. 
A)  sedation. 
B)  autonomic side effects. 
C)  hypotension. 
D)  abuse potential.

Question 13

Describe or diagram the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

This model integrates anatomical and neu

Question 14

Molecular genetic research

Accepted Answer

A)  has moved forward on the assumption that schizophrenia involves multiple genes located at different loci. 
B)  has identified potential "schizophrenia genes" on chromosomes 6, 8, 13, and 22. 
C)  uses either linkage studies or considers candidate genes in its search for the genetic basis of schizophrenia. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  has moved forward on the assumption that schizophrenia involves multiple genes located at different loci. 
B)  has identified potential "schizophrenia genes" on chromosomes 6, 8, 13, and 22. 
C)  uses either linkage studies or considers candidate genes in its search for the genetic basis of schizophrenia. 
D)  All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is not an example of a prenatal or perinatal complication that is associated with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exposure to viral infection during the second trimester 
B)  Being delivered by Caesarean section 
C)  Oxygen deprivation during birth 
D)  Severe malnutrition 
A)  Exposure to viral infection during the second trimester 
B)  Being delivered by Caesarean section 
C)  Oxygen deprivation during birth 
D)  Severe malnutrition

Question 16

Which of the following does not support the idea that CNS stimulants produce a psychosis that strongly resembles schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  High doses of amphetamine in animals produce a syndrome of stereotyped licking, sniffing, and gnawing. 
B)  Cocaine and amphetamine addicts often have hallucinations and delusions. 
C)  Clinicians have difficulty discriminating between paranoid schizophrenia and drug-induced psychosis. 
D)  Amphetamine given to schizophrenics causes the occurrence of new symptoms. 
A)  High doses of amphetamine in animals produce a syndrome of stereotyped licking, sniffing, and gnawing. 
B)  Cocaine and amphetamine addicts often have hallucinations and delusions. 
C)  Clinicians have difficulty discriminating between paranoid schizophrenia and drug-induced psychosis. 
D)  Amphetamine given to schizophrenics causes the occurrence of new symptoms.

Question 17

All of the following evidence supports the idea that traditional antipsychotic medications act on the dopamine system except

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a decrease in dopamine-induced prolactin release from the pituitary gland during treatment with antipsychotic drugs. 
B)  there is a positive correlation between the potency of an antipsychotic drug and its ability to displace a labeled ligand from dopamine receptors. 
C)  antipsychotic drugs cause parkinsonian side effects, which are known to involve dopamine. 
D)  antipsychotics that have lower affinity for DA receptors require higher doses to be clinically effective. 
A)  there is a decrease in dopamine-induced prolactin release from the pituitary gland during treatment with antipsychotic drugs. 
B)  there is a positive correlation between the potency of an antipsychotic drug and its ability to displace a labeled ligand from dopamine receptors. 
C)  antipsychotic drugs cause parkinsonian side effects, which are known to involve dopamine. 
D)  antipsychotics that have lower affinity for DA receptors require higher doses to be clinically effective.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a drawback to using the drug clozapine to treat schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reduces the seizure threshold. 
B)  It can cause agranulocytosis. 
C)  It causes the dry mouth syndrome. 
D)  It can cause cardiovascular problems. 
A)  It reduces the seizure threshold. 
B)  It can cause agranulocytosis. 
C)  It causes the dry mouth syndrome. 
D)  It can cause cardiovascular problems.

Question 19

Parkinsonian symptoms in schizophrenia include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  rigidity. 
B)  sedation. 
C)  akathesia. 
D)  loss of facial expressions. 
A)  rigidity. 
B)  sedation. 
C)  akathesia. 
D)  loss of facial expressions.

Question 20

Which of the following does not support the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphetamine produces a greater release of dopamine in schizophrenics than in control subjects. 
B)  Baseline levels of HVA do not differentiate controls and schizophrenics. 
C)  Increased dopamine receptors are found in postmortem schizophrenic brains. 
D)  Increasing the challenge dose of amphetamine makes schizophrenics' positive symptoms get progressively worse. 
A)  Amphetamine produces a greater release of dopamine in schizophrenics than in control subjects. 
B)  Baseline levels of HVA do not differentiate controls and schizophrenics. 
C)  Increased dopamine receptors are found in postmortem schizophrenic brains. 
D)  Increasing the challenge dose of amphetamine makes schizophrenics' positive symptoms get progressively worse.

Which of the following is not a part of the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia?

Studies investigating the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion model show that lesioned rats exhibit ___ earlier and _ later in development, and that _____ potentiates behavioral and biological outcomes.

Results from CATIE, a blinded controlled study comparing multiple antipsychotics to replicate "real-world" prescriptions to a representative patient population, showed all of the following except that

The DISC1 gene codes for proteins _ and polymorphisms in this gene are associated with _.

All of the following are true of tardive dyskinesia (TD) except

Which of the following is not a subtype of schizophrenia, according to Kraepelin?

Which of the following are not structural changes observed in the brains of people with schizophrenia?

Which of the following is not a neuroendocrine side effect of the traditional antipsychotic medications?

Why are selective D₂ receptor antagonists like sulpiride unacceptable as antipsychotic agents?

All of the following are advantages of clozapine treatment of schizophrenia except

Describe two preclinical models of schizophrenia: amphetamine-induced stereotypy and the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) model. Include a basic description of each model and evidence that supports their usefulness for understanding schizophrenia.

Doctors generally take into consideration all of the following side effects when choosing a particular antipsychotic drug for a schizophrenic patient except for

Describe or diagram the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.

Molecular genetic research

Which of the following is not an example of a prenatal or perinatal complication that is associated with schizophrenia?

Which of the following does not support the idea that CNS stimulants produce a psychosis that strongly resembles schizophrenia?

All of the following evidence supports the idea that traditional antipsychotic medications act on the dopamine system except

Which of the following is not a drawback to using the drug clozapine to treat schizophrenia?

Parkinsonian symptoms in schizophrenia include all of the following except

Which of the following does not support the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and GABA

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants:

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

Exam 18: Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Which of the following is not a part of the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia?

Studies investigating the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion model show that lesioned rats exhibit _______ earlier and _______ later in development, and that _______ potentiates behavioral and biological outcomes.

Results from CATIE, a blinded controlled study comparing multiple antipsychotics to replicate "real-world" prescriptions to a representative patient population, showed all of the following except that

The DISC1 gene codes for proteins _______ and polymorphisms in this gene are associated with _______.

All of the following are true of tardive dyskinesia (TD) except

Which of the following is not a subtype of schizophrenia, according to Kraepelin?

Which of the following are not structural changes observed in the brains of people with schizophrenia?

Which of the following is not a neuroendocrine side effect of the traditional antipsychotic medications?

Why are selective D2 receptor antagonists like sulpiride unacceptable as antipsychotic agents?

All of the following are advantages of clozapine treatment of schizophrenia except

Describe two preclinical models of schizophrenia: amphetamine-induced stereotypy and the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) model. Include a basic description of each model and evidence that supports their usefulness for understanding schizophrenia.

Doctors generally take into consideration all of the following side effects when choosing a particular antipsychotic drug for a schizophrenic patient except for

Describe or diagram the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.

Molecular genetic research

Which of the following is not an example of a prenatal or perinatal complication that is associated with schizophrenia?

Which of the following does not support the idea that CNS stimulants produce a psychosis that strongly resembles schizophrenia?

All of the following evidence supports the idea that traditional antipsychotic medications act on the dopamine system except

Which of the following is not a drawback to using the drug clozapine to treat schizophrenia?

Parkinsonian symptoms in schizophrenia include all of the following except

Which of the following does not support the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and GABA

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants:

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

Studies investigating the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion model show that lesioned rats exhibit ___ earlier and _ later in development, and that _____ potentiates behavioral and biological outcomes.

The DISC1 gene codes for proteins _ and polymorphisms in this gene are associated with _.

Why are selective D₂ receptor antagonists like sulpiride unacceptable as antipsychotic agents?