Question 1

Which event did not reduce cigarette consumption to some degree?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cigarette taxes doubled. 
B)  Antismoking ads appeared. 
C)  Great Depression occurred. 
D)  World War II began. 
A)  Cigarette taxes doubled. 
B)  Antismoking ads appeared. 
C)  Great Depression occurred. 
D)  World War II began. D

Question 2

Cite evidence that shows that nicotine and non-nicotine factors are both important in maintaining smoking behavior. For example, discuss whether nicotine gum is completely successful in reversing withdrawal effects.

Accepted Answer

Other factors can contribute to maintaining smoking behavior. Sensory stimuli, for instance, such as the taste and smell of cigarettes can become part of a conditioned, positive response to smoking. Other components of cigarettes may also contribute, such as compounds that can inhibit monoamine oxidase and thereby possibly potentiate dopamine action in the brain. If other factors enter into the positive reinforcement from smoking cigarettes, nicotine gum alone may not relieve all of the withdrawal symptoms, and counseling may also play an important role.

Question 3

What is the difference between a regular smoker and an established smoker?

Accepted Answer

A)  A regular smoker smokes occasionally; an established smoker smokes daily. 
B)  A regular smoker smokes on a regular basis, but not daily like an established smoker does. 
C)  A regular smoker is not committed to smoking; an established smoker is dependent on nicotine. 
D)  There is no difference between the two types of smokers. 
A)  A regular smoker smokes occasionally; an established smoker smokes daily. 
B)  A regular smoker smokes on a regular basis, but not daily like an established smoker does. 
C)  A regular smoker is not committed to smoking; an established smoker is dependent on nicotine. 
D)  There is no difference between the two types of smokers. B

Question 4

Studies of the behavioral and physiological effects of nicotine

Accepted Answer

A)  show that nicotine has a relaxing and calming effect in both smokers and nonsmokers. 
B)  indicate that nicotine decreases reaction time in a visual information processing task in smokers but not in individuals who have never smoked. 
C)  show that nicotine decreases errors of omission and increases attention in nonsmokers. 
D)  suggest that the effects observed can be completely attributed to reversal of withdrawal symptoms in smokers asked to abstain for the duration of the study. 
A)  show that nicotine has a relaxing and calming effect in both smokers and nonsmokers. 
B)  indicate that nicotine decreases reaction time in a visual information processing task in smokers but not in individuals who have never smoked. 
C)  show that nicotine decreases errors of omission and increases attention in nonsmokers. 
D)  suggest that the effects observed can be completely attributed to reversal of withdrawal symptoms in smokers asked to abstain for the duration of the study.

Question 5

Which statement about nicotine poisoning is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is frequently caused by smoking, because a pack of cigarettes contains several lethal doses. 
B)  It has occurred in children who have accidentally consumed tobacco, from cigarette stubs left in ashtrays, for example. 
C)  It is most likely caused by exposure to nicotine-based insecticides. 
D)  It can cause death due to depolarization block of the breathing muscles. 
A)  It is frequently caused by smoking, because a pack of cigarettes contains several lethal doses. 
B)  It has occurred in children who have accidentally consumed tobacco, from cigarette stubs left in ashtrays, for example. 
C)  It is most likely caused by exposure to nicotine-based insecticides. 
D)  It can cause death due to depolarization block of the breathing muscles.

Question 6

When smokers are given cigarettes lower in nicotine and tar,

Accepted Answer

A)  they reduce their intake slightly. 
B)  there is no change in smoking behavior. 
C)  there is a marked decrease in their smoking behavior. 
D)  they smoke more. 
A)  they reduce their intake slightly. 
B)  there is no change in smoking behavior. 
C)  there is a marked decrease in their smoking behavior. 
D)  they smoke more.

Question 7

In laboratory animals, the effect of increasing doses of caffeine causes

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced activity, followed by increased activity. 
B)  dose-dependent increases in activity. 
C)  increased activity, followed by decreased activity. 
D)  dose-dependent decreases in activity. 
A)  reduced activity, followed by increased activity. 
B)  dose-dependent increases in activity. 
C)  increased activity, followed by decreased activity. 
D)  dose-dependent decreases in activity.

Question 8

What role does nicotine play in the life and survival of the tobacco plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Helps with photosynthesis 
B)  Toxicity protects the plant from being eaten 
C)  Provides help with energy storage 
D)  Assists in pollination 
A)  Helps with photosynthesis 
B)  Toxicity protects the plant from being eaten 
C)  Provides help with energy storage 
D)  Assists in pollination

Question 9

"Chippers"

Accepted Answer

A)  have been studied in the context of both nicotine and opiate use. 
B)  have shown researchers that tolerance and dependence are not separate phenomena. 
C)  do not develop either short-term or long-term tolerance. 
D)  are individuals who smoke one or two cigarettes a week for at least a few years. 
A)  have been studied in the context of both nicotine and opiate use. 
B)  have shown researchers that tolerance and dependence are not separate phenomena. 
C)  do not develop either short-term or long-term tolerance. 
D)  are individuals who smoke one or two cigarettes a week for at least a few years.

Question 10

Which statement about caffeine is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tea contains both caffeine and theophylline, both stimulants. 
B)  About 50% of adults consume caffeinated beverages. 
C)  The average intake of caffeine in the United States is 200 to 400 mg per day. 
D)  Children are avid consumers of caffeine in the form of soda and chocolate. 
A)  Tea contains both caffeine and theophylline, both stimulants. 
B)  About 50% of adults consume caffeinated beverages. 
C)  The average intake of caffeine in the United States is 200 to 400 mg per day. 
D)  Children are avid consumers of caffeine in the form of soda and chocolate.

Question 11

An important medical use for caffeine is in the treatment of

Accepted Answer

A)  migraines. 
B)  ADHD. 
C)  diuresis. 
D)  apnea. 
A)  migraines. 
B)  ADHD. 
C)  diuresis. 
D)  apnea.

Question 12

With respect to the demographics of cigarette smoking,

Accepted Answer

A)  about 15% of the population over 18 years of age use e-cigarettes. 
B)  approximately 50% of the population 12 and over smokes, according to a 2011 survey. 
C)  about 80% of users of tobacco engage in their use via smoking cigarettes. 
D)  smoking is positively correlated with education. 
A)  about 15% of the population over 18 years of age use e-cigarettes. 
B)  approximately 50% of the population 12 and over smokes, according to a 2011 survey. 
C)  about 80% of users of tobacco engage in their use via smoking cigarettes. 
D)  smoking is positively correlated with education.

Question 13

In addition to coffee and tea, caffeine is found in all of the following except for

Accepted Answer

A)  analgesic drugs. 
B)  cough suppressants. 
C)  OTC stimulants. 
D)  diet soda. 
A)  analgesic drugs. 
B)  cough suppressants. 
C)  OTC stimulants. 
D)  diet soda.

Question 14

Which statement about quitting the smoking is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority of smokers are not interested in giving up their smoking habit. 
B)  Relatively few (<10%) smokers attempt to quit each year. 
C)  Quitting the smoking habit is very difficult and requires many attempts. 
D)  Placing warnings on cigarette packages and increasing cigarette taxes have had virtually no impact on usage or quitting rates. 
A)  The majority of smokers are not interested in giving up their smoking habit. 
B)  Relatively few (<10%) smokers attempt to quit each year. 
C)  Quitting the smoking habit is very difficult and requires many attempts. 
D)  Placing warnings on cigarette packages and increasing cigarette taxes have had virtually no impact on usage or quitting rates.

Which event did not reduce cigarette consumption to some degree?

Cite evidence that shows that nicotine and non-nicotine factors are both important in maintaining smoking behavior. For example, discuss whether nicotine gum is completely successful in reversing withdrawal effects.

What is the difference between a regular smoker and an established smoker?

Studies of the behavioral and physiological effects of nicotine

Which statement about nicotine poisoning is false?

When smokers are given cigarettes lower in nicotine and tar,

In laboratory animals, the effect of increasing doses of caffeine causes

What role does nicotine play in the life and survival of the tobacco plant?

"Chippers"

Which statement about caffeine is false?

An important medical use for caffeine is in the treatment of

With respect to the demographics of cigarette smoking,

In addition to coffee and tea, caffeine is found in all of the following except for

Which statement about quitting the smoking is true?

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and GABA

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants:

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

Exam 12: Nicotine and Caffeine

Which event did not reduce cigarette consumption to some degree?

Cite evidence that shows that nicotine and non-nicotine factors are both important in maintaining smoking behavior. For example, discuss whether nicotine gum is completely successful in reversing withdrawal effects.

What is the difference between a regular smoker and an established smoker?

Studies of the behavioral and physiological effects of nicotine

Which statement about nicotine poisoning is false?

When smokers are given cigarettes lower in nicotine and tar,

In laboratory animals, the effect of increasing doses of caffeine causes

What role does nicotine play in the life and survival of the tobacco plant?

"Chippers"

Which statement about caffeine is false?

An important medical use for caffeine is in the treatment of

With respect to the demographics of cigarette smoking,

In addition to coffee and tea, caffeine is found in all of the following except for

Which statement about quitting the smoking is true?

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and GABA

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants:

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters