Question 1

Lack of cocaine self-administration by mutant mice expressing a cocaine-insensitive dopamine transporter tells us that

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine is not important for cocaine's reinforcing effects. 
B)  blockade of the dopamine transporter plays a key role in the reinforcing action of cocaine. 
C)  the mutant dopamine transporter is unable to take up dopamine from the synaptic cleft. 
D)  these mutant mice are able to experience cocaine reward but not cocaine reinforcement. 
A)  dopamine is not important for cocaine's reinforcing effects. 
B)  blockade of the dopamine transporter plays a key role in the reinforcing action of cocaine. 
C)  the mutant dopamine transporter is unable to take up dopamine from the synaptic cleft. 
D)  these mutant mice are able to experience cocaine reward but not cocaine reinforcement. B

Question 2

List a few drugs used in the treatment of ADHD that act selectively on the noradrenergic system. For each drug, indicate its mechanism of action on that system. Based on these mechanisms, would you expect the noradrenergic-related medications to differ from traditional psychostimulant medications in their degree of abuse potential?

Accepted Answer

The drugs are atomoxetine, which is a selective inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter, and clonidine and guanfacine, both of which are selective $\alpha_{2A}$adrenergic receptor agonists. These drugs would be expected to have significantly less abuse potential than traditional psychostimulant medications used to treat ADHD.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a drug used to treat ADHD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ritalin 
B)  Ephedrine 
C)  Vyvanse 
D)  Strattera 
A)  Ritalin 
B)  Ephedrine 
C)  Vyvanse 
D)  Strattera B

Question 4

Long-access (6 hours per day) cocaine self-administration by rats has been shown to cause

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral tolerance to the drug. 
B)  reduced stimulation-evoked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. 
C)  up-regulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. 
D)  Both a and b 
A)  behavioral tolerance to the drug. 
B)  reduced stimulation-evoked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. 
C)  up-regulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. 
D)  Both a and b

Question 5

Chronic methamphetamine use has been associated with all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosis and flashbacks. 
B)  enhanced cognition. 
C)  increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. 
D)  premature aging. 
A)  psychosis and flashbacks. 
B)  enhanced cognition. 
C)  increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. 
D)  premature aging.

Question 6

Based on information from worldwide drug seizures, which class of abused drugs has increased the most from 1998 to 2014?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cannabis 
B)  Cocaine, including crack cocaine and cocaine base 
C)  Heroin and other opiate drugs 
D)  Amphetamine-type stimulants 
A)  Cannabis 
B)  Cocaine, including crack cocaine and cocaine base 
C)  Heroin and other opiate drugs 
D)  Amphetamine-type stimulants

Question 7

Chronic, high dose use of psychostimulants can lead to all of the following effects except

Accepted Answer

A)  irritability and anxiety. 
B)  increased sexual interest. 
C)  delusions. 
D)  violence. 
A)  irritability and anxiety. 
B)  increased sexual interest. 
C)  delusions. 
D)  violence.

Question 8

Which statement about high cocaine responding (HCR) and low cocaine responding (LCR) rats is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  HCR and LCR rats differ in their responses to cocaine despite being genetically identical. 
B)  LCR rats express more dopamine transporters in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum than HCR rats. 
C)  HCR rats show greater levels of extracellular dopamine than LCR rats, under drug-free conditions. 
D)  When the animals are given a moderate dose of cocaine, extracellular dopamine levels increase more in the LCR rats than in the HCR rats. 
A)  HCR and LCR rats differ in their responses to cocaine despite being genetically identical. 
B)  LCR rats express more dopamine transporters in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum than HCR rats. 
C)  HCR rats show greater levels of extracellular dopamine than LCR rats, under drug-free conditions. 
D)  When the animals are given a moderate dose of cocaine, extracellular dopamine levels increase more in the LCR rats than in the HCR rats.

Question 9

List several reasons why people initiate cocaine use, and then identify several reasons why these same individuals may not continue to experiment with cocaine to the point of abuse.

Accepted Answer

People may initiate cocaine use to satis

Question 10

Cocaine _______ and _______ in the dorsal striatum can be produced in cocaine-dependent individuals by exposure to videos of cocaine-related cues.

Accepted Answer

A)  "high"; increased D1 receptor binding 
B)  tolerance; release of glutamate 
C)  craving; release of dopamine 
D)  relapse; increased D1 receptor binding 
A)  "high"; increased D1 receptor binding 
B)  tolerance; release of glutamate 
C)  craving; release of dopamine 
D)  relapse; increased D1 receptor binding

Question 11

Which statement does not describe cocaine?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a psychomotor stimulant. 
B)  It is an alkaloid that comes from the leaves of a bush. 
C)  Coca chewing is no longer practiced in South America. 
D)  It has been used in religious and ceremonial rituals. 
A)  It is a psychomotor stimulant. 
B)  It is an alkaloid that comes from the leaves of a bush. 
C)  Coca chewing is no longer practiced in South America. 
D)  It has been used in religious and ceremonial rituals.

Question 12

Which statement about cocaine administration and absorption is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine can be detected for only a few hours after the last dose of drug. 
B)  Rapid absorption occurs with intravenous and smoked forms of cocaine. 
C)  Cocaethylene is a metabolite of cocaine and alcohol that exerts an effect similar to cocaine, but that lasts for a longer time. 
D)  Smoking crack cocaine is addictive because the brain receives a large surge of drug, even though its effects don't last very long. 
A)  The cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine can be detected for only a few hours after the last dose of drug. 
B)  Rapid absorption occurs with intravenous and smoked forms of cocaine. 
C)  Cocaethylene is a metabolite of cocaine and alcohol that exerts an effect similar to cocaine, but that lasts for a longer time. 
D)  Smoking crack cocaine is addictive because the brain receives a large surge of drug, even though its effects don't last very long.

Question 13

How is amphetamine different from methamphetamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphetamine is metabolized quickly, whereas methamphetamine is degraded slowly. 
B)  Methamphetamine users frequently go on binges or "runs" of IV use; this is rare with amphetamine users. 
C)  A form of methamphetamine can be taken by smoking. 
D)  Methamphetamine is much more expensive to make than amphetamine. 
A)  Amphetamine is metabolized quickly, whereas methamphetamine is degraded slowly. 
B)  Methamphetamine users frequently go on binges or "runs" of IV use; this is rare with amphetamine users. 
C)  A form of methamphetamine can be taken by smoking. 
D)  Methamphetamine is much more expensive to make than amphetamine.

Question 14

Which of the following is a sympathomimetic effect of cocaine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasoconstriction 
B)  Decreased heart rate 
C)  Hypothermia 
D)  Hypotension 
A)  Vasoconstriction 
B)  Decreased heart rate 
C)  Hypothermia 
D)  Hypotension

Question 15

What changes occur in the rat dopamine system under conditions of cocaine tolerance produced by long-access cocaine self-administration? Are brain imaging studies of cocaine abusing or dependent individuals consistent with the rat results?

Accepted Answer

In cocaine tolerance, there is reduced i

Question 16

All of the following are symptoms of ADHD except

Accepted Answer

A)  high anxiety level. 
B)  impulsivity. 
C)  disruptive and unruly behavior. 
D)  hyperkinesis. 
A)  high anxiety level. 
B)  impulsivity. 
C)  disruptive and unruly behavior. 
D)  hyperkinesis.

Question 17

Which statement about cocaine abuse/dependence and cognitive function is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Despite their compulsive drug use, people diagnosed with cocaine abuse or dependence do not show significant abnormalities on standard tests of cognitive function. 
B)  Any cognitive deficits observed in cocaine abusing/dependent individuals must have been caused by their drug use, since numerous longitudinal studies have demonstrated that these individuals had normal cognitive function prior to the onset of drug use. 
C)  Some abnormalities in cognitive function have been related to reduced gray matter volume of specific brain areas, based on MRI studies. 
D)  Loss of white matter is the most important effect of cocaine that results in cognitive deficits. 
A)  Despite their compulsive drug use, people diagnosed with cocaine abuse or dependence do not show significant abnormalities on standard tests of cognitive function. 
B)  Any cognitive deficits observed in cocaine abusing/dependent individuals must have been caused by their drug use, since numerous longitudinal studies have demonstrated that these individuals had normal cognitive function prior to the onset of drug use. 
C)  Some abnormalities in cognitive function have been related to reduced gray matter volume of specific brain areas, based on MRI studies. 
D)  Loss of white matter is the most important effect of cocaine that results in cognitive deficits.

Question 18

Cocaine is considered to be a sympathomimetic drug. What does that mean, and what are some of the sympathomimetic effects of this compound?

Accepted Answer

A sympathomimetic drug is one that produ

Question 19

Brain imaging studies of cocaine-abusing or -dependent individuals have found

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced methylphenidate-induced dopamine release in the dorsal striatum compared to controls (non cocaine-using individuals). 
B)  damage to the striatum caused by repeated cocaine exposure. 
C)  increased baseline D2 receptor binding. 
D)  Both a and c 
A)  reduced methylphenidate-induced dopamine release in the dorsal striatum compared to controls (non cocaine-using individuals). 
B)  damage to the striatum caused by repeated cocaine exposure. 
C)  increased baseline D2 receptor binding. 
D)  Both a and c

Question 20

Ephedra

Accepted Answer

A)  is a safe and top-selling herbal remedy, also known as "ma huang." 
B)  was banned by the FDA after many adverse reactions were reported. 
C)  has no effect on appetite or weight, in spite of advertisers' claims. 
D)  has dangerous effects on the parasympathetic nervous system. 
A)  is a safe and top-selling herbal remedy, also known as "ma huang." 
B)  was banned by the FDA after many adverse reactions were reported. 
C)  has no effect on appetite or weight, in spite of advertisers' claims. 
D)  has dangerous effects on the parasympathetic nervous system.

Lack of cocaine self-administration by mutant mice expressing a cocaine-insensitive dopamine transporter tells us that

Which of the following is not a drug used to treat ADHD?

Long-access (6 hours per day) cocaine self-administration by rats has been shown to cause

Chronic methamphetamine use has been associated with all of the following except

Based on information from worldwide drug seizures, which class of abused drugs has increased the most from 1998 to 2014?

Chronic, high dose use of psychostimulants can lead to all of the following effects except

Which statement about high cocaine responding (HCR) and low cocaine responding (LCR) rats is true?

List several reasons why people initiate cocaine use, and then identify several reasons why these same individuals may not continue to experiment with cocaine to the point of abuse.

Cocaine _ and _ in the dorsal striatum can be produced in cocaine-dependent individuals by exposure to videos of cocaine-related cues.

Which statement does not describe cocaine?

Which statement about cocaine administration and absorption is false?

How is amphetamine different from methamphetamine?

Which of the following is a sympathomimetic effect of cocaine?

What changes occur in the rat dopamine system under conditions of cocaine tolerance produced by long-access cocaine self-administration? Are brain imaging studies of cocaine abusing or dependent individuals consistent with the rat results?

All of the following are symptoms of ADHD except

Which statement about cocaine abuse/dependence and cognitive function is true?

Cocaine is considered to be a sympathomimetic drug. What does that mean, and what are some of the sympathomimetic effects of this compound?

Brain imaging studies of cocaine-abusing or -dependent individuals have found

Ephedra

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and GABA

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

Exam 11: Psychomotor Stimulants:

Lack of cocaine self-administration by mutant mice expressing a cocaine-insensitive dopamine transporter tells us that

Which of the following is not a drug used to treat ADHD?

Long-access (6 hours per day) cocaine self-administration by rats has been shown to cause

Chronic methamphetamine use has been associated with all of the following except

Based on information from worldwide drug seizures, which class of abused drugs has increased the most from 1998 to 2014?

Chronic, high dose use of psychostimulants can lead to all of the following effects except

Which statement about high cocaine responding (HCR) and low cocaine responding (LCR) rats is true?

List several reasons why people initiate cocaine use, and then identify several reasons why these same individuals may not continue to experiment with cocaine to the point of abuse.

Cocaine _______ and _______ in the dorsal striatum can be produced in cocaine-dependent individuals by exposure to videos of cocaine-related cues.

Which statement does not describe cocaine?

Which statement about cocaine administration and absorption is false?

How is amphetamine different from methamphetamine?

Which of the following is a sympathomimetic effect of cocaine?

What changes occur in the rat dopamine system under conditions of cocaine tolerance produced by long-access cocaine self-administration? Are brain imaging studies of cocaine abusing or dependent individuals consistent with the rat results?

All of the following are symptoms of ADHD except

Which statement about cocaine abuse/dependence and cognitive function is true?

Cocaine is considered to be a sympathomimetic drug. What does that mean, and what are some of the sympathomimetic effects of this compound?

Brain imaging studies of cocaine-abusing or -dependent individuals have found

Ephedra

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and GABA

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

Cocaine _ and _ in the dorsal striatum can be produced in cocaine-dependent individuals by exposure to videos of cocaine-related cues.