Question 1

According to the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 137 million Americans _______ and more than 63 million Americans _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  smoked marijuana; drank alcohol 
B)  drank alcohol; used tobacco 
C)  drank alcohol; used cocaine or heroin 
D)  used tobacco; used one or more illicit drugs 
A)  smoked marijuana; drank alcohol 
B)  drank alcohol; used tobacco 
C)  drank alcohol; used cocaine or heroin 
D)  used tobacco; used one or more illicit drugs B

Question 2

Which statement about mice genetically engineered to overexpress $\Delta$FosB in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens relative to wild-type mice is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They develop a conditioned place preference for cocaine and morphine at lower doses. 
B)  They show an increased locomotor response to cocaine. 
C)  They show a greater reduction in anxiety in response to alcohol. 
D)  They do not develop physical dependence, withdrawal, or tolerance to morphine. 
A)  They develop a conditioned place preference for cocaine and morphine at lower doses. 
B)  They show an increased locomotor response to cocaine. 
C)  They show a greater reduction in anxiety in response to alcohol. 
D)  They do not develop physical dependence, withdrawal, or tolerance to morphine. D

Question 3

Describe the three pathways linking personality to addiction.

Accepted Answer

The three different personality-related pathways to addiction are:
.Behavioral disinhibition-deviant behaviors (like substance abuse) are linked to a cluster of traits (impulsivity, antisociality, unconventionality, and aggressiveness).
.Stress reduction-high anxiety and response to stress (and neuroticism); may be particularly vulnerable to stress; may use drugs to self-medicate.
.Reward sensitivity-personality characteristics including sensation seeking, reward seeking, extraversion, etc.; these traits may make these people seek out drugs that have positively rewarding effects.

Question 4

Which statement about addiction and genetics is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  If both parents are alcoholics/drug addicts, their offspring will also be alcoholics/drug addicts, but if only one parent is affected, any offspring has a 50% chance of developing a problem. 
B)  The addiction gene has been identified. 
C)  A large number of genes influence susceptibility to addiction. 
D)  If drug or alcohol problem do not run in a family, other family members will not develop a problem either. 
A)  If both parents are alcoholics/drug addicts, their offspring will also be alcoholics/drug addicts, but if only one parent is affected, any offspring has a 50% chance of developing a problem. 
B)  The addiction gene has been identified. 
C)  A large number of genes influence susceptibility to addiction. 
D)  If drug or alcohol problem do not run in a family, other family members will not develop a problem either.

Question 5

Malcolm et al. (2016) showed that regional brain activation after viewing methamphetamine stimuli (versus neutral visual stimuli) was

Accepted Answer

A)  greater in the hippocampus and periaqueductal gray in people diagnosed with methamphetamine dependence, relative to controls. 
B)  greater in the ventral striatum and medial frontal cortex in people diagnosed with methamphetamine dependence, relative to controls. 
C)  reduced in the ventral striatum and medial frontal cortex in people diagnosed with methamphetamine dependence, relative to controls. 
D)  reduced in the hippocampus and periaqueductal gray in people diagnosed with methamphetamine dependence, relative to controls. 
A)  greater in the hippocampus and periaqueductal gray in people diagnosed with methamphetamine dependence, relative to controls. 
B)  greater in the ventral striatum and medial frontal cortex in people diagnosed with methamphetamine dependence, relative to controls. 
C)  reduced in the ventral striatum and medial frontal cortex in people diagnosed with methamphetamine dependence, relative to controls. 
D)  reduced in the hippocampus and periaqueductal gray in people diagnosed with methamphetamine dependence, relative to controls.

Question 6

Explain how the hedonic response to drug use changes during different stages of the addiction cycle. Be sure to include a description of the concept of allostasis.

Accepted Answer

This pertains to the opponent process th

Question 7

Which of the following is not necessarily a part of the cycle of pathological drug use that can lead to addiction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preoccupation with drug and anticipation of use 
B)  Periods of intoxication and/or bingeing on the drug 
C)  Periods of relatively prolonged abstinence from the drug 
D)  Periods of withdrawal and negative affect 
A)  Preoccupation with drug and anticipation of use 
B)  Periods of intoxication and/or bingeing on the drug 
C)  Periods of relatively prolonged abstinence from the drug 
D)  Periods of withdrawal and negative affect

Question 8

According to the opponent-process model of addiction, drug dependence causes _______ to be shifted downward, through a process of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the hedonic set-point; sensitization 
B)  the hedonic set-point; allostasis 
C)  allostasis; tolerance 
D)  allosatsis; sensitization 
A)  the hedonic set-point; sensitization 
B)  the hedonic set-point; allostasis 
C)  allostasis; tolerance 
D)  allosatsis; sensitization

Question 9

What are some of the benefits and criticisms of the disease model of addiction?

Accepted Answer

Benefits-a medical model should remove t

Question 10

Genome-wide associated studies (GWAS) look at the potential role of genetics in drug addiction by

Accepted Answer

A)  focusing on the potential involvement of genes that are selected based on the biochemical mechanism or mechanisms that underlie addiction. 
B)  looking for chromosomal regions that tend to associate with addiction, and for mutations. 
C)  investigating the entire genome in search of alleles that associate with addiction. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  focusing on the potential involvement of genes that are selected based on the biochemical mechanism or mechanisms that underlie addiction. 
B)  looking for chromosomal regions that tend to associate with addiction, and for mutations. 
C)  investigating the entire genome in search of alleles that associate with addiction. 
D)  All of the above

Question 11

The transcription factor $\Delta$FosB

Accepted Answer

A)  is rapidly induced after administration of many drugs of abuse. 
B)  accumulates in cells of the amygdala. 
C)  up-regulates expression of all genes it affects. 
D)  exhibits tolerance with repeated drug exposures. 
A)  is rapidly induced after administration of many drugs of abuse. 
B)  accumulates in cells of the amygdala. 
C)  up-regulates expression of all genes it affects. 
D)  exhibits tolerance with repeated drug exposures.

Question 12

Which drug is not found in nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nicotine 
B)  THC 
C)  Amphetamine 
D)  Cocaine 
A)  Nicotine 
B)  THC 
C)  Amphetamine 
D)  Cocaine

Question 13

The concept of incentive-sensitization distinguishes between _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  drug seeking; drug taking 
B)  drug liking; drug wanting 
C)  drug liking; drug taking 
D)  craving; drug seeking 
A)  drug seeking; drug taking 
B)  drug liking; drug wanting 
C)  drug liking; drug taking 
D)  craving; drug seeking

Question 14

Which of the following does not fit with the addiction-related neuroadaptations proposed by Koob and LeMoal?

Accepted Answer

A)  As drug users become dependent, less dopamine is released in the nucleus accumbens. 
B)  Early recreational drug use is accompanied by increased dopamine and opioid activity. 
C)  Increased norepinephrine and CRF play a role in recreational drug use. 
D)  CRF levels in the amygdala increase as drug users become dependent. 
A)  As drug users become dependent, less dopamine is released in the nucleus accumbens. 
B)  Early recreational drug use is accompanied by increased dopamine and opioid activity. 
C)  Increased norepinephrine and CRF play a role in recreational drug use. 
D)  CRF levels in the amygdala increase as drug users become dependent.

Question 15

Which of the following best represents the involvement of epigenetics in the progression to addiction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Environmental stimuli $\rightarrow$ acute drug exposure $\rightarrow$ repeated drug exposure/addiction $\rightarrow$ modified gene expression $\rightarrow$ epigenetic changes 
B)  Environmental stimuli $\rightarrow$ acute drug exposure $\rightarrow$ epigenetic changes $\rightarrow$ modified gene expression $\rightarrow$ repeated drug exposure/addiction 
C)  Environmental stimuli $\rightarrow$ modified gene expression $\rightarrow$ acute drug exposure $\rightarrow$ repeated drug exposure/addiction $\rightarrow$ epigenetic changes 
D)  Acute drug exposure $\rightarrow$ environmental stimuli $\rightarrow$ modified gene expression $\rightarrow$ epigenetic changes $\rightarrow$ repeated drug exposure/addiction 
A)  Environmental stimuli $\rightarrow$ acute drug exposure $\rightarrow$ repeated drug exposure/addiction $\rightarrow$ modified gene expression $\rightarrow$ epigenetic changes 
B)  Environmental stimuli $\rightarrow$ acute drug exposure $\rightarrow$ epigenetic changes $\rightarrow$ modified gene expression $\rightarrow$ repeated drug exposure/addiction 
C)  Environmental stimuli $\rightarrow$ modified gene expression $\rightarrow$ acute drug exposure $\rightarrow$ repeated drug exposure/addiction $\rightarrow$ epigenetic changes 
D)  Acute drug exposure $\rightarrow$ environmental stimuli $\rightarrow$ modified gene expression $\rightarrow$ epigenetic changes $\rightarrow$ repeated drug exposure/addiction

According to the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 137 million Americans _ and more than 63 million Americans _.

Which statement about mice genetically engineered to overexpress $\Delta$ FosB in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens relative to wild-type mice is false?

Describe the three pathways linking personality to addiction.

Which statement about addiction and genetics is true?

Malcolm et al. (2016) showed that regional brain activation after viewing methamphetamine stimuli (versus neutral visual stimuli) was

Explain how the hedonic response to drug use changes during different stages of the addiction cycle. Be sure to include a description of the concept of allostasis.

Which of the following is not necessarily a part of the cycle of pathological drug use that can lead to addiction?

According to the opponent-process model of addiction, drug dependence causes _ to be shifted downward, through a process of _.

What are some of the benefits and criticisms of the disease model of addiction?

Genome-wide associated studies (GWAS) look at the potential role of genetics in drug addiction by

The transcription factor $\Delta$ FosB

Which drug is not found in nature?

The concept of incentive-sensitization distinguishes between _ and _.

Which of the following does not fit with the addiction-related neuroadaptations proposed by Koob and LeMoal?

Which of the following best represents the involvement of epigenetics in the progression to addiction?

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and GABA

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants:

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

Exam 8: Drug Abuse and Addiction

According to the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 137 million Americans _______ and more than 63 million Americans _______.

Which statement about mice genetically engineered to overexpress Δ\DeltaΔ FosB in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens relative to wild-type mice is false?

Describe the three pathways linking personality to addiction.

Which statement about addiction and genetics is true?

Malcolm et al. (2016) showed that regional brain activation after viewing methamphetamine stimuli (versus neutral visual stimuli) was

Explain how the hedonic response to drug use changes during different stages of the addiction cycle. Be sure to include a description of the concept of allostasis.

Which of the following is not necessarily a part of the cycle of pathological drug use that can lead to addiction?

According to the opponent-process model of addiction, drug dependence causes _______ to be shifted downward, through a process of _______.

What are some of the benefits and criticisms of the disease model of addiction?

Genome-wide associated studies (GWAS) look at the potential role of genetics in drug addiction by

The transcription factor Δ\DeltaΔ FosB

Which drug is not found in nature?

The concept of incentive-sensitization distinguishes between _______ and _______.

Which of the following does not fit with the addiction-related neuroadaptations proposed by Koob and LeMoal?

Which of the following best represents the involvement of epigenetics in the progression to addiction?

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and GABA

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants:

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

According to the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 137 million Americans _ and more than 63 million Americans _.

Which statement about mice genetically engineered to overexpress $\Delta$ FosB in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens relative to wild-type mice is false?

According to the opponent-process model of addiction, drug dependence causes _ to be shifted downward, through a process of _.

The transcription factor $\Delta$ FosB

The concept of incentive-sensitization distinguishes between _ and _.