Question 1

Acetylcholine is found in all of the following locations in the PNS except the

Accepted Answer

A)  neuromuscular junction. 
B)  target organs of the sympathetic nervous system. 
C)  target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
D)  sympathetic ganglion. 
A)  neuromuscular junction. 
B)  target organs of the sympathetic nervous system. 
C)  target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
D)  sympathetic ganglion. B

Question 2

Which statement does not accurately describe activity at the nicotinic receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  The channel opens rapidly and depolarization occurs. 
B)  Sodium and/or calcium ions enter the next cell. 
C)  Prolonged stimulation of receptors can lead to desensitization. 
D)  Nicotinic receptors are only found on cell bodies and dendrites in the brain, not on nerve terminals. 
A)  The channel opens rapidly and depolarization occurs. 
B)  Sodium and/or calcium ions enter the next cell. 
C)  Prolonged stimulation of receptors can lead to desensitization. 
D)  Nicotinic receptors are only found on cell bodies and dendrites in the brain, not on nerve terminals. D

Question 3

The most important difference between pyridostigmine and sarin is that

Accepted Answer

A)  pyridostigmine is an irreversible AChE inhibitor; sarin is not. 
B)  Sarin does not cross the blood-brain barrier; pyrodostigmine does. 
C)  Sarin is an irreversible AChE inhibitor; pyrodostigmine is not. 
D)  pyridostigmine is isolated from Calar beans; sarin is not. 
A)  pyridostigmine is an irreversible AChE inhibitor; sarin is not. 
B)  Sarin does not cross the blood-brain barrier; pyrodostigmine does. 
C)  Sarin is an irreversible AChE inhibitor; pyrodostigmine is not. 
D)  pyridostigmine is isolated from Calar beans; sarin is not. C

Question 4

Activation of nicotinic receptors can increase release of neurotransmitter without affecting the firing rate of a neuron

Accepted Answer

A)  by allowing neurotransmitter to pass through the channel of the receptor. 
B)  if the nicotinic receptors are located right on the presynaptic terminal of the neuron. 
C)  only if the neuron in question has nicotinic receptors localized to its dendrites. 
D)  only at the neuromuscular junction. 
A)  by allowing neurotransmitter to pass through the channel of the receptor. 
B)  if the nicotinic receptors are located right on the presynaptic terminal of the neuron. 
C)  only if the neuron in question has nicotinic receptors localized to its dendrites. 
D)  only at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 5

Write an informative and coherent paragraph incorporating the following terms: myasthenia gravis, nicotinic receptor, neuromuscular junction, autoimmune disorder, neostigmine.

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular jun

Question 6

Which of the following is not an AChE inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

A)  HC-3 
B)  Neostigmine 
C)  Sarin 
D)  Insecticides 
A)  HC-3 
B)  Neostigmine 
C)  Sarin 
D)  Insecticides

Question 7

An antagonist that selectively blocks M5 cholinergic receptors in the midbrain could potentially be used to treat

Accepted Answer

A)  diabetes. 
B)  dry-mouth effect. 
C)  drug dependence. 
D)  heart disease. 
A)  diabetes. 
B)  dry-mouth effect. 
C)  drug dependence. 
D)  heart disease.

Question 8

Stimulation of _______ muscarinic receptors can decrease heart rate, while activation of peripheral M3 receptors can lead to an increase in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  M5; heart rate 
B)  M3; pupillary dilation 
C)  M5; dry-mouth 
D)  M2; insulin release 
A)  M5; heart rate 
B)  M3; pupillary dilation 
C)  M5; dry-mouth 
D)  M2; insulin release

Question 9

Unlike _______, _______ can readily cross the blood-brain barrier and thus have effects on the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  d-tubocurarine; mecamylamine 
B)  atropine; succinylcholine 
C)  mecamylamine; d-tubocurarine 
D)  atropine; D-tubocurarine 
A)  d-tubocurarine; mecamylamine 
B)  atropine; succinylcholine 
C)  mecamylamine; d-tubocurarine 
D)  atropine; D-tubocurarine

Question 10

Muscarinic receptors in the brain play a role in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  motor function. 
B)  cognition. 
C)  tobacco smoking. 
D)  dependence and addiction. 
A)  motor function. 
B)  cognition. 
C)  tobacco smoking. 
D)  dependence and addiction.

Question 11

Describe the distribution of acetylcholine neurons outside the central nervous system (i.e., in the periphery) and indicate which cholinergic receptors would be present postsynaptically in the various locations.

Accepted Answer

In the peripheral nervous system, all of

Question 12

Nicotinic receptors

Accepted Answer

A)  are found on muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction. 
B)  are metabotropic receptors. 
C)  can be overly stimulated by the poison d-tubocurarine. 
D)  possess two protein subunits, one $\alpha$ unit and one $\beta$ unit. 
A)  are found on muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction. 
B)  are metabotropic receptors. 
C)  can be overly stimulated by the poison d-tubocurarine. 
D)  possess two protein subunits, one $\alpha$ unit and one $\beta$ unit.

Question 13

Describe, in detail, the evidence supporting the assertion that muscarinic receptors may play a role in drug dependence and reward.

Accepted Answer

To measure rewarding properties of a dru

Question 14

Identify the cholinergic circuits in the central nervous system that are most important in cognitive functioning. Give one piece of evidence for your answer.

Accepted Answer

The basal forebrain cholinergic system (

Question 15

Which agent is an irreversible AChE inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physostigmine 
B)  Neostigmine 
C)  Vesamicol 
D)  Soman 
A)  Physostigmine 
B)  Neostigmine 
C)  Vesamicol 
D)  Soman

Question 16

Parasympatholytic agents

Accepted Answer

A)  have medical uses in ophthalmology and surgery. 
B)  include atropine, which constricts the pupils. 
C)  are rarely toxic, which is why they have been used throughout history. 
D)  include pilocarpine and arecoline. 
A)  have medical uses in ophthalmology and surgery. 
B)  include atropine, which constricts the pupils. 
C)  are rarely toxic, which is why they have been used throughout history. 
D)  include pilocarpine and arecoline.

Question 17

Why have researchers been particularly interested in the agent 192 IgG-saporin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a new antidote for nerve gas exposure. 
B)  It is a neurotoxin for cells in the brain stem cholinergic system. 
C)  It destroys BFCS cells and causes cognitive deficits. 
D)  It is a drug that might have use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. 
A)  It is a new antidote for nerve gas exposure. 
B)  It is a neurotoxin for cells in the brain stem cholinergic system. 
C)  It destroys BFCS cells and causes cognitive deficits. 
D)  It is a drug that might have use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 18

Explain how 192 IgG-saporin works to create selective cholinergic lesions in the brain. Describe evidence suggesting that cortical ACh is important for attentional processing.

Accepted Answer

192 IgG-saporin consists of two parts. O

Question 19

The function of AChE is to

Accepted Answer

A)  help transmission proceed smoothly at the neuromuscular junction. 
B)  break acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. 
C)  metabolize excess acetylcholine in the terminal button. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  help transmission proceed smoothly at the neuromuscular junction. 
B)  break acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. 
C)  metabolize excess acetylcholine in the terminal button. 
D)  All of the above

Question 20

Explain how a reversible AChE antagonist like pyridostigmine bromide can be used as an antidote of sorts against an irreversible AChE antagonist nerve gas such as sarin.

Accepted Answer

Pyridostigmine can occupy sites on AChE

Acetylcholine is found in all of the following locations in the PNS except the

Which statement does not accurately describe activity at the nicotinic receptor?

The most important difference between pyridostigmine and sarin is that

Activation of nicotinic receptors can increase release of neurotransmitter without affecting the firing rate of a neuron

Write an informative and coherent paragraph incorporating the following terms: myasthenia gravis, nicotinic receptor, neuromuscular junction, autoimmune disorder, neostigmine.

Which of the following is not an AChE inhibitor?

An antagonist that selectively blocks M₅ cholinergic receptors in the midbrain could potentially be used to treat

Stimulation of _ muscarinic receptors can decrease heart rate, while activation of peripheral M₃ receptors can lead to an increase in _.

Unlike _, _ can readily cross the blood-brain barrier and thus have effects on the central nervous system.

Muscarinic receptors in the brain play a role in all of the following except

Describe the distribution of acetylcholine neurons outside the central nervous system (i.e., in the periphery) and indicate which cholinergic receptors would be present postsynaptically in the various locations.

Nicotinic receptors

Describe, in detail, the evidence supporting the assertion that muscarinic receptors may play a role in drug dependence and reward.

Identify the cholinergic circuits in the central nervous system that are most important in cognitive functioning. Give one piece of evidence for your answer.

Which agent is an irreversible AChE inhibitor?

Parasympatholytic agents

Why have researchers been particularly interested in the agent 192 IgG-saporin?

Explain how 192 IgG-saporin works to create selective cholinergic lesions in the brain. Describe evidence suggesting that cortical ACh is important for attentional processing.

The function of AChE is to

Explain how a reversible AChE antagonist like pyridostigmine bromide can be used as an antidote of sorts against an irreversible AChE antagonist nerve gas such as sarin.

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Glutamate and GABA

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants:

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

Exam 6: Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine is found in all of the following locations in the PNS except the

Which statement does not accurately describe activity at the nicotinic receptor?

The most important difference between pyridostigmine and sarin is that

Activation of nicotinic receptors can increase release of neurotransmitter without affecting the firing rate of a neuron

Write an informative and coherent paragraph incorporating the following terms: myasthenia gravis, nicotinic receptor, neuromuscular junction, autoimmune disorder, neostigmine.

Which of the following is not an AChE inhibitor?

An antagonist that selectively blocks M5 cholinergic receptors in the midbrain could potentially be used to treat

Stimulation of _______ muscarinic receptors can decrease heart rate, while activation of peripheral M3 receptors can lead to an increase in _______.

Unlike _______, _______ can readily cross the blood-brain barrier and thus have effects on the central nervous system.

Muscarinic receptors in the brain play a role in all of the following except

Describe the distribution of acetylcholine neurons outside the central nervous system (i.e., in the periphery) and indicate which cholinergic receptors would be present postsynaptically in the various locations.

Nicotinic receptors

Describe, in detail, the evidence supporting the assertion that muscarinic receptors may play a role in drug dependence and reward.

Identify the cholinergic circuits in the central nervous system that are most important in cognitive functioning. Give one piece of evidence for your answer.

Which agent is an irreversible AChE inhibitor?

Parasympatholytic agents

Why have researchers been particularly interested in the agent 192 IgG-saporin?

Explain how 192 IgG-saporin works to create selective cholinergic lesions in the brain. Describe evidence suggesting that cortical ACh is important for attentional processing.

The function of AChE is to

Explain how a reversible AChE antagonist like pyridostigmine bromide can be used as an antidote of sorts against an irreversible AChE antagonist nerve gas such as sarin.

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Glutamate and GABA

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants:

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

An antagonist that selectively blocks M₅ cholinergic receptors in the midbrain could potentially be used to treat

Stimulation of _ muscarinic receptors can decrease heart rate, while activation of peripheral M₃ receptors can lead to an increase in _.

Unlike _, _ can readily cross the blood-brain barrier and thus have effects on the central nervous system.