Question 1

Secretory neurons from the hypothalamus release _______ and _______ into the bloodstream from the _______ pituitary.

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin; vasopressin; anterior 
B)  vasopressin; oxytocin; posterior 
C)  oxytocin; prolactin; posterior 
D)  releasing hormones; tropic; anterior 
A)  prolactin; vasopressin; anterior 
B)  vasopressin; oxytocin; posterior 
C)  oxytocin; prolactin; posterior 
D)  releasing hormones; tropic; anterior B

Question 2

Binding of neurotrophic factors to their respective trk receptors results in the

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of G proteins. 
B)  reciprocal phosphorylation of the two receptor molecules. 
C)  opening of ion channels. 
D)  activation of second messenger systems. 
A)  activation of G proteins. 
B)  reciprocal phosphorylation of the two receptor molecules. 
C)  opening of ion channels. 
D)  activation of second messenger systems. B

Question 3

Write a coherent and informative paragraph using the following terms: hypothalamus; posterior pituitary; median eminence; releasing hormones.

Accepted Answer

The pituitary stalk, connecting the hypothalamus with the pituitary gland, contains blood vessels that carry special hypothalamic releasing hormones. These hormones are mainly neuropeptides manufactured by various groups of neurons in the hypothalamus. Instead of forming normal synapses, these neurons release peptides into blood capillaries in a region called the median eminence. These blood vessels carry the hormones to the hormone secreting regions of the anterior pituitary gland. The pituitary stalk also contains the axons of secretory neurons of the hypothalamus that synthesize the peptide hormones vasopressin and oxytocin. When these axons reach the posterior pituitary, they release these hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 4

What role might orexin play in narcolepsy? Briefly explain evidence that supports this role.

Accepted Answer

Orexin may play a role in arousal and ma

Question 5

Describe three types of symptoms typically associated with narcolepsy.

Accepted Answer

Cataplexy-sudden loss of muscl

Question 6

Describe the evidence supporting the role of sex hormones in sensitivity to cocaine.

Accepted Answer

There is some evidence that sex hormone

Question 7

The specific effect of a particular neurotransmitter at a particular synapse is largely determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  the receptor subtype(s) present on the postsynaptic cell. 
B)  the rate of firing of the presynaptic cell. 
C)  reuptake and metabolism of the neurotransmitter. 
D)  the presence of antagonists at the synapse. 
A)  the receptor subtype(s) present on the postsynaptic cell. 
B)  the rate of firing of the presynaptic cell. 
C)  reuptake and metabolism of the neurotransmitter. 
D)  the presence of antagonists at the synapse.

Question 8

Activating a metabotropic receptor cannot result in

Accepted Answer

A)  opening of a G protein-gated ion channel. 
B)  changes in the levels of a second messenger. 
C)  opening of an ion channel within the receptor. 
D)  changes in gene expression. 
A)  opening of a G protein-gated ion channel. 
B)  changes in the levels of a second messenger. 
C)  opening of an ion channel within the receptor. 
D)  changes in gene expression.

Question 9

In contrast to the classical neurotransmitters and the neuropeptides, nitric oxide does not "behave" like a typical neurotransmitter. Which statement regarding nitric oxide signaling is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It may be released from the postsynaptic cell. 
B)  It is not released from synaptic vesicles via exocytosis. 
C)  It remains in the synaptic cleft until it is inactivated. 
D)  It may travel some distance before it reaches target cells. 
A)  It may be released from the postsynaptic cell. 
B)  It is not released from synaptic vesicles via exocytosis. 
C)  It remains in the synaptic cleft until it is inactivated. 
D)  It may travel some distance before it reaches target cells.

Question 10

Describe how drugs that block the D2 dopamine receptor alter prolactin levels and release.

Accepted Answer

Release of the hormone prolactin is inhi

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the criteria a substance must meet to be considered a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  A synthetic mechanism is present in the presynaptic cell. 
B)  Vesicles containing the substance move down the axon with the action potentials when the neuron is stimulated. 
C)  Receptors for the proposed substance are present on the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  There is a means for inactivating the substance. 
A)  A synthetic mechanism is present in the presynaptic cell. 
B)  Vesicles containing the substance move down the axon with the action potentials when the neuron is stimulated. 
C)  Receptors for the proposed substance are present on the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  There is a means for inactivating the substance.

Question 12

Environmental stimuli, sensory stimuli, and psychoactive drugs can trigger long-lasting changes in neuronal connectivity. Collectively, these changes are termed

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic plasticity. 
B)  dendritic spine plasticity. 
C)  synaptic density. 
D)  sensitization. 
A)  synaptic plasticity. 
B)  dendritic spine plasticity. 
C)  synaptic density. 
D)  sensitization.

Secretory neurons from the hypothalamus release ___ and _ into the bloodstream from the _____ pituitary.

Binding of neurotrophic factors to their respective trk receptors results in the

Write a coherent and informative paragraph using the following terms: hypothalamus; posterior pituitary; median eminence; releasing hormones.

What role might orexin play in narcolepsy? Briefly explain evidence that supports this role.

Describe three types of symptoms typically associated with narcolepsy.

Describe the evidence supporting the role of sex hormones in sensitivity to cocaine.

The specific effect of a particular neurotransmitter at a particular synapse is largely determined by

Activating a metabotropic receptor cannot result in

In contrast to the classical neurotransmitters and the neuropeptides, nitric oxide does not "behave" like a typical neurotransmitter. Which statement regarding nitric oxide signaling is false?

Describe how drugs that block the D₂ dopamine receptor alter prolactin levels and release.

Which of the following is not one of the criteria a substance must meet to be considered a neurotransmitter?

Environmental stimuli, sensory stimuli, and psychoactive drugs can trigger long-lasting changes in neuronal connectivity. Collectively, these changes are termed

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and GABA

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants:

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

Exam 2: Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Secretory neurons from the hypothalamus release _______ and _______ into the bloodstream from the _______ pituitary.

Binding of neurotrophic factors to their respective trk receptors results in the

Write a coherent and informative paragraph using the following terms: hypothalamus; posterior pituitary; median eminence; releasing hormones.

What role might orexin play in narcolepsy? Briefly explain evidence that supports this role.

Describe three types of symptoms typically associated with narcolepsy.

Describe the evidence supporting the role of sex hormones in sensitivity to cocaine.

The specific effect of a particular neurotransmitter at a particular synapse is largely determined by

Activating a metabotropic receptor cannot result in

In contrast to the classical neurotransmitters and the neuropeptides, nitric oxide does not "behave" like a typical neurotransmitter. Which statement regarding nitric oxide signaling is false?

Describe how drugs that block the D2 dopamine receptor alter prolactin levels and release.

Which of the following is not one of the criteria a substance must meet to be considered a neurotransmitter?

Environmental stimuli, sensory stimuli, and psychoactive drugs can trigger long-lasting changes in neuronal connectivity. Collectively, these changes are termed

Principles of Pharmacology, Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and GABA

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants:

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, PCP, and Ketamine

Inhalants, GHB, and Anabolicandrogenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Filters

Secretory neurons from the hypothalamus release ___ and _ into the bloodstream from the _____ pituitary.

Describe how drugs that block the D₂ dopamine receptor alter prolactin levels and release.